>>[Takaitaccen bayani kan tattalin arziki]

Takaitaccen bayani kan tattalin arziki

Bayan da aka Kafa sabuwar kasar Sin a shekarar 1949 tattalin arzikin kasar Sin ya sami yalwatuwa da sauri . Musamman ma tun shekarar 1978 da a tafiyar da manufar yin gyare-gyare da bude kofa ga kasashen waje , tattalin arzikin kasar Sin ya sami yalwatuwa da saurin fiye da kashi 9 cikin 100 na kowace shekara . A shekarar 2003 Yawan GDP na kasar Sin ya kai dallar Amurka biliyan 1400 . Jimlar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin ta kai matsayi na 6 a duniya a bayan kasar Amurka da Japan da Jamus da Ingila da Faransa . Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2003 madaidaicin jimlar GDP na basinne daya ya wuce dallar Amurka 100 .

Yanzu a cikin kasar Sin halin zuba jari da kashe kudi yana da kyau kamar yadda ya kamata . A shekarar 2003 , yawan kudin da kasar Sin ta zuba ya kai RMB , kudin Sin yuan fiye da biliyan 5500 . Kudin da sinnawa suka kashe a wajen sayen kayayyaki ya kai kusan RMB yuan biliyan 4600 . Yawan kudin da aka samu daga cinikin waje ya kai dallar Amurka fiye da biliyan 850 . Ta haka kasar Sin ta wuce kasar Ingila da Faransa amma bai kai kasar Amurka da Jamus da Japan kawai ba . wato ta kai matsayi na 4 a duniya . Kudin musanya da kasar Sin ta ajiye a bankuna ya wuce dallar Amurka biliyan 400 , tana bayan kasar Japan kawai wato ta kai matsayi na 2 a duniya.

A cikin shekaru fiye da 20 da suka wuce , an yi ta yi gyare-gyare da bude kofa ga kasashen waje da kuma uin gine-ginen zamani , a galibi dai kasar Sin ta gama juyi daga tattalin arzikin shirye shirye zuwa tsarin kasuwar gurguzu , kuma an kyautata tsarin kasuwar gurguzu a kai a kai . Don a dace da wannan tsari , kasar Sin ta kafa kuma ta kyautata dokokin shari'a a hankali a hankali . Kasuwanni sun kara bude kofa , kuma muhallin zuba jari ya kyautu kuma ta hanzarta gyare-gyaren tsarin sha'anin kudi . Duk wadanna sun gabatar da babban tabbaci ga yalwatuwar tattalin arzikin kasar.

Da a shiga cikin sabon karni , kasar Sin ta kara gabatar da sabon tunanin kan mutane da halitta , mutane da zaman al'umma , birane da kauyyuka , gabas da yamma , tattalin arziki da zaman al'umma sun yalwata cikin daidaici da adalci. A shekarar 2002 , taro na 16 na wakilan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin ya gabatar da makasudin cewa , ya zuwa shekarar 2020 za a kafa zaman al'ummar wadata a duk fannoni.

>>[Fasalin masana'antun Kasar Sin]

Takaitattun abubuwa kan Fasalin masana'antun Kasar Sin

Fasalin masana'antu shi ne fasalin sassan ma'aikata daban daban da cudanyar tsakaninsu . Yana nufin cewa , abubuwan aikin kawo albbarka suna dogara bisa junansu kuma suna maganin junansu . Alal misali , aikin noma da ma'aikata da ma'adinai da aikin hidima , kashinsu dake cikin tattalin arziki da huldar tsakaninsu bai kamata su rasa daidaici ba .

Bayan da aka kafa sabuwar kasar Sin a shekarar 1949 , fasalin masana'antun kasar Sin ya yi manyan matakan yalwatuwa guda 3 . Mataki na farko shi ne daga farkon shekarar 1950 zuwa karshen shekarar 1979 , kasar Sin ta sauya halin musamman na tattalin arzikin mulkin malaka , kuma ta aza harsashin masana'antar zamani . Mataki na biyu shi ne daga shekarar 1979 zuwa farkon shekarar 1990 kasar Sin ta tafiyar da manufar yin gyare-gyare da bude kofa ga kasashen waje , ta kan daidaita fasalin masana'antu . Saboda haka kasar Sin ta shiga cikin matsakaitaccen matakin masana'antu . Mataki na uku shi ne daga farkon shekarar 1990 zuwa shekarar 2020 , kasar Sin za ta gama aikin sadarwa lokacin da take tabbatar da masana'antun zamani .

A cikin shekaru fiye da 50 da suka wuce , huldar fasalin masana'antun kasar Sin ta yi manyan sauye-sauye . Daga farkon shekarar 1950 zuwa shekarar 2002 , aikin noma na kasar Sin ya ragu daga kashi 45.4 cikin 100 zuwa kashi 14.5 cikin 100 a shekarar 2002 . Ma'aikata ya hawo kashi 51.8 cikin 100 daga kashi 34.4 cikin 100 a shekarar 1949 . Aikin hidima ya hawo kashi 33.7 cikin 100 daga kashi 20.2 cikin 100 .

Aikin Noma

Kasar Sin Kasa ce wadda galibin yawan mutanenta manoma ne . Aikin noma ya kai matsayin muhimmanci sosai a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar Sin.

Ko da ya ke kasar Sin tana da yanki wanda fadinsa ya kai muraba'in kilomita miliyan 9 da dubu 600 . Amma gonakai ya kai muraba'in kilomita miliyan 1 da dubu 270 kawai . Wato ya kai kimanin kashi 7 cikin 100 na gonakan duniya . A cikinsu galibi yana shiyyoyin filaye masu ni'ima da falali dake gabashin kasar Sin . Aikin shuke-shuke mafi muhimmanci ne a cikin aikin noma na kasar Sin . Manyan shuke-shuken hatsi su ne shinkafa da alkama da masar da wake da sauransu . Shuke-shuken tattalin arziki su ne auduga da gyada da ganye mai ba da mai da rake da ganyen zaki da sauransu .

Aikin noma na kasar Sin ya fara samun yalwatuwa da saurin gaske ne daga shekarar 1978 bayan da kauyyuka suka yi gyrae-gyare . A cikin shekaru fiye da 20 da suka wuce , kauyyukan kasar Sin sun fid da kai daga tsarin gargajiya kuma sun yi binciken sabuwar hanyar tattalin arzikin kasuwani . Aikin gyare-gyare ya kawo moriya ga manoma , kuma ya 'yantad da karfin kawo albarka na kauyyuka kuma ya yalwata karfin har ma ya hanzarta yalwatuwar aikin noma musamman ma aikin kawo albarka na hatsi kuma ya kyautata fasalin aikin noma . A karshe dai aikin noma na kasar sin ya sami nasarori kwarai da gaske . A halin Yanzu da ake ciki , hatsi da auduga da ganye mau ba da mai da ganyen taba da nama da kwai da kifaye da shuke-shuken lambu na kasar Sin sun kai matsayi na farko a duniya .

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan da suka wuce , gwamnatin kasar Sin kullum ta mai da aikin yalwata aikin noma da ya zama muhimmin aiki na cikin muhimman ayyuka , kuma ta kara zuba jarin kudi cikin aikin noma da kara kudin shiga na manoma ta yadda za a tabbatar da yalwatuwar kauyyuka da birane cikin daidaici .

Masana'antu

A farkon shekarar 1950 , masana'antun Kasar Sin ta

fara samun yalwatuwa da saurin gaske . Bayan da aka kafa sabuwar Kasar Sin a shekarar 1949 , masana'antun kasar Sin sun shiga cikin lokacin farfadowa da yalwatuwa a duk fannoni . Ya zuwa shekarar 1978 , kasar Sin ta riga ta kafa cikakken tsarin tattalin arzikin masana'antu . Masana'antar man fetur ta gargajiya da sababbin masana'antun kemistori das kwayar zara sun sami yalwatuwa da saurin gaske . Masana'antun zamani kamarsu masana'antar nukiliya da ta kumbo mai dauke da 'dan sama jannati sun sami ci gaban da ba a taba ganinsa a tarihi ba . Tun daga shekarar 1979 , yalwatuwar masana'antun kasar Sin ta kara sauri . Daga shekarar 1979 zuwa shekarar 2003 , yawan karuwar masana'antu ya kai fiye da kashi 10 cikin 100 a kowace shekara .

Bayan da aka yi yalwatuwa cikin shekaru fiye da 50 , yawan kayayyakin manyan masana'antun kasar Sin ya karu da ninki daruruka . An sayar da kayayyakin masana'anru masu yawa zuwa wurare daban daban a duniya . Tun daga shekarar 1996 , yawan karfe da kwal da sumunti da takin zamani da injunan talabijin kullum sun kai matsayi na farko .

A shekarar 2003 , yawan karuwar masana'antun kasar Sin ya kai Yuan kudin Sin Biliyan 5361 da miliyan 200. In a kwatanta shi da na shekarar 2002 , ya karu da kashi 12.6 cikin 100 . Yanzu ba kawai kasar Sin ta iya kera jiragen sama da jiragen ruwa da motoci , har ma ta iya kera tauraron 'dan Adam da kayayyakin masana'antun zamani . An riga an kafa wani tsarin masana'antu wanda ya kasance da matsayin fasahohi kuma da cikakkun fannoni da kuma mulkin kai . Nan gaba kasar Sin za ta kara tafiyar da tsare-tsaren musamman wato za ta ciyar da masana'antu da labaran sadarwa da karfafa amfanin masana'antu a wajen sa kaimin yalwatuwar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin .

Aikin hidima

Tun daga shekarar 1979 , aikin hidima na Kasar Sin

Ya sami babban ci gaba . Da farko dai an habaka aikin hidima . Bisa kididdigar da aka yi , an ce , daga shekarar 1978 zuwa shekarar 2002 , yawan kudin shiga na aikin hidima na Kasar Sin ya karu daga RMB Yuan biliyan 86.05 zuwa yuan bilian 3453.3 . Wato ya karu da ninki 39 . Madaidaicin shekara-shekara ya karu da kashi 10 cikin 100 . Yawan karuwar aikin hidima dake jimlar karuwar arziki wato GDP ya karu daga kashi 21.4 cikin 100 na shekarar 1979 zuwa kashi 33.7 cikin 100 na shekarar 2002 . A shekarar 2003 , kodayake cutar Sars da fari da mabaliyar ruwa suka kawo mahani ga aikin hidima na kasar Sin , amma duk da haka ya sami ci gaba da saurin gaske .

Na biyu aikin hidima na kasar Sin ya riga ya zama babbar hanyar samar da guraben aiki ga 'yan al'umma . Ma'aikata masu yin aikin hidima sun karu daga miliyan 48.9 na shekarar 1978 zuwa miliyan 210 na shekarar 2002.

Yanzu aikin hidima na kasar Sin ya jimbinci dakunan cin abinci da shaye-shaye da yawon shakatawa da aikin kudi da aikin inshora da tallace-tallace da lauya da lisafi da sauran ayyuka . Bisa shirin yalwatuwar kasar Sin , an ce , ya zuwa shekarar 2020 , yawan karuwar kudin aikin hidima dake cikin jimlar karuwar arziki za a kara daga kashi 1 cikin 3 na yanzu zuwa kashi 1 cikin 2 .

>>[Tsarin Tattalin Arzikin]

Tsarin tattalin arzikin Kasuwar gurguzu

Wakilin Rediyon kasar Sin ya aiko mana labari cewa , a cikin shekaru 30 da suka wuce bayan da aka kafa sabuwar kasar Sin a shekarar 1949, gwamnatin kasar Sin kullum ta tafiyar da tsarin tattalin arzikin shirye-shirye . Saboda haka hukumomin musamman na kasar sun yi shiri kuma sun tsai da makasudan yalwatuwar tattalin arziki a fannoni daban daban . Wannan tsari ya sa tattalin arzikin kasar Sin da ya sami ci gaba bisa shirin kuma tare da makasudi . Amma duk da haka ya kayyade karfin tattalin arzikin kansa da kuma kayyade saurin yalwatuwar tattalin arziki .

A karshen shekarar 1979 kasar Sin ta fara yin gyare-gyaren tsarin tattalin arzikin shirye-shirye . A shekarar 1978 kasar Sin ta tafiyar da tsarin dora nauyin aikin noma a wuyan manoma a kauyyuka . A shekarar 1984 , gyare-gyaren tsarin tattalin arziki ya kaura daga kauyyuka zuwa birane . A shekarar 1992 , kasar Sin ta tsai da hanyar kafa tsarin tattalin arzikin kasuwar gurguzu

A watan Oktoba na shekarar 2003 , kasar Sin ta kara kyautata makasudai da ayyukan tsarin tattalin arzikin kasuwar gurguzu . Wato bisa dokar hade da yalwatuwar birane da kauyyuka , hade da yalwatuwar shiyya-shiyya , hade da yalwatuwar tattalin arziki da zaman al'umma , hade da yalwatuwar jama'a da halitta cikin daidaici da kuma hade da yalwatuwar kasar Sin da bude kofa ga kasashen waje , kasar Sin za ta ba da babban amfanin kasuwa a cikin rarraba albarkatai kuma za ta kara karfin masana'antu.

Fasalin tsare-tsaren mallaka

Bisa tsarin mulkin kasar Sin ,An ce , a farkon matakin gurguzu , Kasar Sin za ta tsaya kan babban tsarin tattalin arziki wanda ta mai da hankali kan tsarin mallakar gwamnati kuma tsare-tsaren mallakar tattalin arzikin daban daban ke yalwatuwa tare . Kuna za ta tsaya kan manufa wadda ta mai da hankali kan biya wa mutane bukatarsu daidai gwargwadon aikinsu kuma ya kasance da hanyoyin samun kudi . Yanzu tsare-tsaren mallakar tattalin arziki sun kunshe da tattalin arzikin mallakar gwamnati da na mallakar kungiyoyi da tattalin arziki mai zaman kansu da mahasusin tsarin mallkar mutum daya da tattalin arzikin hadin gwiwa da tattalin narzikin hada-hadar kudi da tattalin arziki wanda 'yan kasuwanni na kasashen waje ke zuba jari da kuma tattalin arziki wadda Hongkong da Macao da Taiwan ke zuba jari .

Tattalin arzikin mallakar gwamnati yana nufin cewa tuwa duk kayayyakin kawo albarka suna karkashin mallakar kasa . Tattalin arzikin mallakar kungiyoyyi yana nufin cewa , duk kayayyakin kawo albarka suna karkashin mallakar Kungiya-kungiya . Sauransu kuma a kan raba su cikin kashi uku : na farko , 'yan kasuwanni na kasashen waje su da kansu sun zuba jari. Na biyu kasar Sin da kasashen waje sun hada kansu sun zuba jari . Na uku kuma masu zuba jari na Hongkong da na Macao da na Taiwan sun kafa kamfanoni a babban yakin kasar Sin .

Tsarin mulkin kasar Sin ya tsai da kudurin cewa , a hana kowace kungiya da kowa da su hadiye ko barnata dukiyar kasa da dukiyar kungiyoyi ta hayar daban daban . Gwamnati tana kiyaye halallen iko da moriyar tattalin arzikin mallakar mutum da mahasusin tattalin arzikin . Halalliyar dukiyar 'yan kasa ya kamata ta sami kiyayewa .

>>[Tsare-tsaren masamman na yalwatuwa]

Tsare-tsaren masamman na yalwatuwa

A watan Oktoba na shekarar 1987 , Taron wakilan

Kasa na 13 na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Kasar Sin a bayyane ta gabatar da matakai 3 don tabbatar da zamanin kasar Sin . Hakikannun makasudai su ne :

Mataki na farko shi ne daga shekarar 1981 zuwa shekarar 1990 , jimlar karuwar arziki wato GDP ta kasar Sin ta rubanya har sau 2 . Wato ta warware matsalar samun isashen abinci da sutura . Mataki na biyu shi ne daga shekarar 1991 zuwa karshen karni na 20 , jimlar karuwar arziki ta sake rubanya sau 2 . Wato zaman rayuwar jama'a ya kai matsayin zaman wadata . Mataki na uku shi ne ya zuwa tsakiyar karni na 21 Jimlar karuwar arzikin kasar Sin za ta kai matsayin kasashe masu sukuni . Wato zaman yau da kullum na jama'a zaa kara wadatuwa kuma kasar Sin za ta tabbatar da zamani .

A watan Satumba na shekarar 1997 , taron wakilan kasa na 15 na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Kasar Sin ya bayyana hakikanin abubuwa na mataki na 3 . Wato a cikin shekaru 10 na farko na karni na 21 , jimlar karuwar arzikin kasar

Sin za ta rubanya sau 2 bisa shekarar 2000 . Wato za a kafa cikakken tsarin tattalin arzikin kasuwar gurguzu . Bayan haka da za a yi kokari shekaru 10 , za a kara yalwatuwar tattalin arzikin kasar , kuma za a kyautata tsare-tsare daban daban . Ya zuwa shekarar 2050 , kasar Sin za ta tabbatar da zamani kuma za ta zama kasar gurguzu mai wadata da dimokuradiyya da wayewar kai .

>>[Halin Zuba Jari]

Gine-ginen Manyan Ayyuka

Hanyoyin zirga-zirga Kasar Sin tana da fadi sosai . Hanyoyin zirga-zirga kamar sakar gizo-gizo . A cikinsu akwai manyan hanyoyin zirga-zirga masu kyau daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma daga gabas zuwa yamma . Cikakken tsawon hanyoyin ya kai kilomita dubu 35 . Yanzu an gama galibin ayyuka .

Kasar Sin kullum ta mai da ginin hanyoyin zirga-zirga da ya zama daya dake cinin gine-ginen muhimman manyan ayyuka . Daga shekarar 1998 zuwa shekarar 2001 yawan kudin da kasar ta zuba ya wuce RMB yuan biliyan 200 a jerin shekaru 4 . A shekarar 2000 kasar Sin ta zuba kudin yuan biliyan 300 kuma an gama aikin gina sababib hanyoyin zirga-zirga mai tsawon kilomita dubu 67 . A cikinsu akwai hanyoyi masu kyau wato da turanci ake cewar One Way masu tsawon 5700 . A shekarar 2003 an gina hanyoyi fiye da kilomita dubu 36 .Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2003 , hanyoyin zirga-zirga na duk kasar ya kai kilomita fiye da miliyan 1.8 . A cikinsu akwai hanyoyi na zamani na kilomita dubu 40 . Sa'an nan kuma kasar Sin ta kara saurin gina hanyoyin zirga-zirga a shiyyar yamma maso tsakiya . Ta haka an kyautata sharadin zirga-zirgar wannan shiyya .

Ya zuwa shekarar 2008 , kasar Sin za ta gama aikin manyan hanyoyin zirga-zirga na matsayin kasa. A waccan lokaci , Beijing da Shanghai da dukanin biranen hedkwatar larduna da jihohi masu ikon tafiyar da harkokin kan kananan kabilu za su hade da manyan hanyoyin zamani . Ta haka yawan birane masu hade da hanyoyi masu kyau zai wuce 200 .

Hanyoyin jiragen kasa ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2003 yawan hanyoyin jiragen kasa na kasar Sin ya kai kilomita dubu 73 . A cikinsu akwai hanyoyi biyu-biyu fiye da kilomita dubu 20 . Yawan hanyoyin jiragen kasa mai aiki da wutar lantarki ya kai dubu 18 . Hanyar jirgin kasa mai ketare teku ta farko ta kasar Sin wato hanyar daga Guangdong zuwa Hainan ta fara aiki ne a ran 7 ga watan Janairu na shekarar 2003 Hanyar jirgin kasa daga Qinghai zuwa Tibet mafi sama a duniya tana da tsawon kilomita 1142 . Za a gama aikinsa a shekarar 2006 . Yanzu kasasr Sin ta riga ta zama daya dake cikin kasashe masu jigilar da mutane da kayyayaki masu yawa a duniya .

Tun daga shekarar 1998 , hanyoyin jiragen kasa na kasar Sin sun kara saurin kaiwa da kawowa sau da yawa . Kuma galibin jiragen kasa na fasinja sun tabbatar da ajandar sun tashi a dare sun isa a safe na kashegari . Saboda haka an kara ba da sauki ga jama'a .

Manufofin zuba jari

Kasar Sin daya ce dake cikin kasashe masu jawo da kudadden jarin kasashen waje mafiya yawa a duniya . A lokacin da tattalin arzikin duniya ba shi da kyau kuma yawan zuba jari a duniya ya rage da gaske , kasar Sin ta iya samun sakamako mai kyau a wajen yin amfani da jarin kasashen waje . Dalilin da ya sa aka yi haka ne saboda kasar Sin ta fitar da manufofin zuba jari masu gatanci da adalci da yawa .

Daga farkon shekarar 1980 , kasar Sin ta zuba mutane da kayayyaki da kudade masu yawa don gama aikin gina wasu manyan ayyuka. Wannan ya samar da gurabe masu kyau ga 'yan kasuwanni na kasashen waje a wajen zuba jari don kafa kamfanoni. Sa'an nan kuma kasar Sin ta bayar da dokokin shari'a fiye da 500 da suke shafi tattalin arzikin waje . Wannan ya gabatar da dokoki da tabbaci ga 'tan kasuwani na kasashen waje . A karshen shekarar 1997 , kasar Sin ta gyara kuma ta sanar da fihirisar jagoranci ta masana'antun da 'yan kasuwannin kasashen waje ke iya zuba jari don himmantar da 'yan kasuwannin kuma goyon bayansu da su zuba jari a wajen aikin noma da makamshi da sadarwa da manyan kayayyaki da fasahohin zamani da kiyaye muhalli da sauran fannoni. Bisa ka'idojin Kungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya da alkawarin kasar Sin ga waje , gwamnatin kasar ta sake dubawar rubuce-rubuce kimanin 2300 . A cikinsu an yi watsi da rubuce-rubuce 830 kuma an yi gyare-gyaren 325 . Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2003 , 'yan kasuwanni na kasashe da shiyyoyi fiye da 170 sun zo kasar Sin don zuba jari . Yawan Kamfanonin jarin kasashen waje ya kai fiye da dubu 400 . Manyan kungiyoyin kudi na duniya da manyan kamfanonin ketare sun sa ido kan kasuwar kasar Sin . Kusan dukanin manyan kamfanonnin ketare wadanda suke kai matsayin 500 a duniya sun riga sun zo kasar Sin don zuba jari . 'yan zuba jari da rukunonin kudi na duniya sun nuna yabo cewa , kasar Sin daya ce dake cikin kasashe masu kyaun guraben zuba jari .

Yankin musamman na tattalin arziki da budadun biranen dake gabar teku

A shekarar 1978 gwamnatin kasar Sin ta tsai da kudurin yin gyare-gyaren tsarin tattalin arziki . Sa'an nan kuma ta fara tafiyar da manufar bude kofa ga kasashen waje bisa shirye-shirye kuma a kai a kai. Daga shekarar 1980 , kasar Sin ta kafa yankunan musamman na tattalin narziki guda 5 a Shenzhen da Zhuhai da Shantou na Lardin Guangdong da Xiamen na Lardin Fujian da Lardin Hainan. A shekarar 1984, an kara bude kofofin birane 14 dake gabar teku ga kasashen waje . Su ne birnin Dalian da Qinhuangdao da Tianjin da Yantai da Qingdao da Lianyungang da Nantong da Shanghai da Ninbo da Wenzhou da Fuzhou da Guangzhou da Zhanjiang da Beihai . A shekarar 1985 , an kebe deltar Kogin Yantse da deltar Kogin Zhujiang da deltar kudancin Fujian da Zirin Shangdong da Zirin gabashin Liaoning da Hebei da Guangxi da su zama jihohin tattalin arzikin bude kofa . Ta haka sun zama shiyyoyin tattalin arzikin dake daura da teku . A shekarar 1990 , gwamnatin kasar Sin ta tsai da bunkasa da bude kofar sabuwar unguwar Pudong ta Shanghai kuma an kara bude kofar wasu biranen dake daura da Kogin Yantse. Ta haka sun zama shiyyoyin bude kofa wadanda Pudong ta zama kansu . Tun daga shekarar 1992 , an tsai da kudurin bude kofar wasu biranen dake iyakar kasa da kara bude kofar duk biranen hedkwatar larduna da jihohi masu ikon tafiyar da harkokin kananan kabilu. Bugu da kari kuma a wasu manya da matsakaittun birane an kafa unguwoyin kiyaye haraji guda 15 da jihohin bunkasa da fasahohin tattalin arzikin matsayin kasa 49 da jihohi bunkasa da fasahohin zamani 53 . Ta haka a nan kasar Sin an kafa halin bude kofa ga kasashen waje a yankin daura da teku da yankin daura da kogi da yankin daura da iyakar kasa da kuma wurare masu ja .

A yankunan bude kofa ga kasashen waje , saboda ana tafiyar da manufofi masu gatanci daban daban , shi ya sa an ba da amfanin jagoranci ga wurare masu ja a wajen yalwata tattalin arzikin fuskantar kasashen waje da fitar da kayayyaki don samun kudaden musaya da jawo fasahohin zamani .

Jihohin bukasad da tattalin arziki da fasahohi na kasar Sin

A shekarar 1978 gwamnatin kasar Sin ta tsai da kudurin yin gyare-gyaren tsarin tattalin arziki . Sa'an nan kuma ta fara tafiyar da manufar bude kofa ga kasashen waje bisa shirye-shirye kuma a kai a kai. Daga shekarar 1980 , kasar Sin ta kafa yankunan musamman na tattalin narziki guda 5 a Shenzhen da Zhuhai da Shantou na Lardin Guangdong da Xiamen na Lardin Fujian da Lardin Hainan. A shekarar 1984, an kara bude kofofin birane 14 dake gabar teku ga kasashen waje . Su ne birnin Dalian da Qinhuangdao da Tianjin da Yantai da Qingdao da Lianyungang da Nantong da Shanghai da Ninbo da Wenzhou da Fuzhou da Guangzhou da Zhanjiang da Beihai . A shekarar 1985 , an kebe deltar Kogin Yantse da deltar Kogin Zhujiang da deltar kudancin Fujian da Zirin Shangdong da Zirin gabashin Liaoning da Hebei da Guangxi da su zama jihohin tattalin arzikin bude kofa . Ta haka sun zama shiyyoyin tattalin arzikin dake daura da teku . A shekarar 1990 , gwamnatin kasar Sin ta tsai da bunkasa da bude kofar sabuwar unguwar Pudong ta Shanghai kuma an kara bude kofar wasu biranen dake daura da Kogin Yantse. Ta haka sun zama shiyyoyin bude kofa wadanda Pudong ta zama kansu . Tun daga shekarar 1992 , an tsai da kudurin bude kofar wasu biranen dake iyakar kasa da kara bude kofar duk biranen hedkwatar larduna da jihohi masu ikon tafiyar da harkokin kananan kabilu. Bugu da kari kuma a wasu manya da matsakaittun birane an kafa unguwoyin kiyaye haraji guda 15 da jihohin bunkasa da fasahohin tattalin arzikin matsayin kasa 49 da jihohi bunkasa da fasahohin zamani 53 . Ta haka a nan kasar Sin an kafa halin bude kofa ga kasashen waje a yankin daura da teku da yankin daura da kogi da yankin daura da iyakar kasa da kuma wurare masu ja .

A yankunan bude kofa ga kasashen waje , saboda ana tafiyar da manufofi masu gatanci daban daban , shi ya sa an ba da amfanin jagoranci ga wurare masu ja a wajen yalwata tattalin arzikin fuskantar kasashen waje da fitar da kayayyaki don samun kudaden musaya da jawo fasahohin zamani .

Jihohin Bunkasa da fasahohin tattalin arziki na kasar Sin

Jihohin bunkasa da fasahohin tattalin arziki na kasar Sin kashi ne na shiyyoyin bude kofa ga kasashen waje na kasar . A karamar unguwar da aka kebe a cikin budadun birane , an mai da hankali sosai don gina cikakkun manyan ayyuka , kuma an kirkiro guraben zuba jari wanda ya dace da matsayin duniya . Ta hanyar jawo jarin kasashen waje kuma kuma yi amfani da su , za a kafa masana'antun zamani wadanda suke mai da hankali kan masana'antun sababin fasahohi kuma sun zama muhimman wuraren yalwata tattalin arziki da cinikin waje A wurare da shiyyoyin dake kewayansu .

A shekarar 1988 , Majalisar Gudanarwar kasar Sin

Jihohi Masu kiyaye harajin kwastan

Jihohin kiyaye harajin kwastan jihohi ne wadanda gwamnatin kasar Sin wato Majalisar Gudanarwar kasar Sin ta yi na'am don yin cinikin duniya da aikin kiyaye harajin kwastan. Su ne kamar jihohin ciniki cikin 'yanci na kasashen duniya . A cikin jihohin an ba da izni ga 'yan kasuwanni na kasashen waje da su yi cinikin duniya da yalwata aikin kiyaye harajin kwastan da yin ayyukan gyare-gyare don fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje .

Yanzu a nan kasar Sin akwai jihohi masu kiyaye harajin kwastan guda 15 ciki har da Jihar kiyaye harajin kwastan ta Waigaoqiao dake birnin Shanghai . Sun riga sun zama sabuwar gada mai hade da tattalin arzikin kasar Sin da na kasashen duniya .

>>[Cinikayya na waje]

Cikakkun abubuwan shigi da fici na kasar Sin

A farkon shekarar 1950 , masana'antun Kasar Sin ta

fara samun yalwatuwa da saurin gaske . Bayan da aka kafa sabuwar Kasar Sin a shekarar 1949 , masana'antun kasar Sin sun shiga cikin lokacin farfadowa da yalwatuwa a duk fannoni . Ya zuwa shekarar 1978 , kasar Sin ta riga ta kafa cikakken tsarin tattalin arzikin masana'antu . Masana'antar man fetur ta gargajiya da sababbin masana'antun kemistori das kwayar zara sun sami yalwatuwa da saurin gaske . Masana'antun zamani kamarsu masana'antar nukiliya da ta kumbo mai dauke da 'dan sama jannati sun sami ci gaban da ba a taba ganinsa a tarihi ba . Tun daga shekarar 1979 , yalwatuwar masana'antun kasar Sin ta kara sauri . Daga shekarar 1979 zuwa shekarar 2003 , yawan karuwar masana'antu ya kai fiye da kashi 10 cikin 100 a kowace shekara .

Bayan da aka yi yalwatuwa cikin shekaru fiye da 50 , yawan kayayyakin manyan masana'antun kasar Sin ya karu da ninki daruruka .

Yi amfani da jarin kasashen waje

A shekarar 1978 gwamnatin kasar Sin ta tsai da kudurin yin gyare-gyaren tsarin tattalin arziki . Sa'an nan kuma ta fara tafiyar da manufar bude kofa ga kasashen waje bisa shirye-shirye kuma a kai a kai. Daga shekarar 1980 , kasar Sin ta kafa yankunan musamman na tattalin narziki guda 5 a Shenzhen da Zhuhai da Shantou na Lardin Guangdong da Xiamen na Lardin Fujian da Lardin Hainan. A shekarar 1984, an kara bude kofofin birane 14 dake gabar teku ga kasashen waje . Su ne birnin Dalian da Qinhuangdao da Tianjin da Yantai da Qingdao da Lianyungang da Nantong da Shanghai da Ninbo da Wenzhou da Fuzhou da Guangzhou da Zhanjiang da Beihai . A shekarar 1985 , an kebe deltar Kogin Yantse da deltar Kogin Zhujiang da deltar kudancin Fujian da Zirin Shangdong da Zirin gabashin Liaoning da Hebei da Guangxi da su zama jihohin tattalin arzikin bude kofa . Ta haka sun zama shiyyoyin tattalin arzikin dake daura da teku . A shekarar 1990 , gwamnatin kasar Sin ta tsai da

bunkasa da bude kofar sabuwar unguwar Pudong ta Shanghai kuma an kara bude kofar wasu biranen dake daura da Kogin Yantse. Ta haka sun zama shiyyoyin bude kofa wadanda Pudong ta zama kansu . Tun daga shekarar 1992 , an tsai da kudurin bude kofar wasu biranen dake iyakar kasa da kara bude kofar duk biranen hedkwatar larduna da jihohi masu ikon tafiyar da harkokin kananan kabilu. Bugu da kari kuma a wasu manya da matsakaittun birane an kafa unguwoyin kiyaye haraji guda 15 da jihohin bunkasa da fasahohin tattalin arzikin matsayin kasa 49 da jihohi bunkasa da fasahohin zamani 53 . Ta haka a nan kasar Sin an kafa halin bude kofa ga kasashen waje a yankin daura da teku da yankin daura da kogi da yankin daura da iyakar kasa da kuma wurare masu ja .

A yankunan bude kofa ga kasashen waje , saboda ana tafiyar da manufofi masu gatanci daban daban , shi ya sa an ba da amfanin jagoranci ga wurare masu ja a wajen yalwata tattalin arzikin fuskantar kasashen waje da fitar da kayayyaki don samun kudaden musaya da jawo fasahohin zamani .

Manyan Kamfanonin kasa da kasa dake nan kasar Sin

Kasar Sin daya ce dake cikin kasashe masu jawo da kudadden jarin kasashen waje mafiya yawa a duniya . A lokacin da tattalin arzikin duniya ba shi da kyau kuma yawan zuba jari a duniya ya rage da gaske , kasar Sin ta iya samun sakamako mai kyau a wajen yin amfani da jarin kasashen waje . Dalilin da ya sa aka yi haka ne saboda kasar Sin ta fitar da manufofin zuba jari masu gatanci da adalci da yawa.

Daga farkon shekarar 1980 , kasar Sin ta zuba mutane da kayayyaki da kudade masu yawa don gama aikin gina wasu manyan ayyuka. Wannan ya samar da gurabe masu kyau ga 'yan kasuwanni na kasashen waje a wajen zuba jari don kafa kamfanoni. Sa'an nan kuma kasar Sin ta bayar da dokokin shari'a fiye da 500 da suke shafi tattalin arzikin waje . Wannan ya gabatar da dokoki da tabbaci ga 'tan kasuwani na kasashen waje . A karshen shekarar 1997 , kasar Sin ta gyara kuma ta sanar da fihirisar jagoranci ta masana'antun da 'yan kasuwannin kasashen waje ke iya zuba jari don himmantar da 'yan kasuwannin kuma goyon bayansu da su zuba jari a wajen aikin noma da makamshi da sadarwa da manyan kayayyaki da fasahohin zamani da kiyaye muhalli da sauran fannoni. Bisa ka'idojin Kungiyar Ciniki ta Duniya da alkawarin kasar Sin ga waje , gwamnatin kasar ta sake dubawar rubuce-rubuce kimanin 2300 . A cikinsu an yi watsi da rubuce-rubuce 830 kuma an yi gyare-gyaren 325 . Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2003 , 'yan kasuwanni na kasashe da shiyyoyi fiye da 170 sun zo kasar Sin don zuba jari . Yawan Kamfanonin jarin kasashen waje ya kai fiye da dubu 400 . Manyan kungiyoyin kudi na duniya da manyan kamfanonin ketare sun sa ido kan kasuwar kasar Sin . Kusan dukanin manyan kamfanonnin ketare wadanda suke kai matsayin 500 a duniya sun riga sun zo kasar Sin don zuba jari . 'yan zuba jari da rukunonin kudi na duniya sun nuna yabo cewa , kasar Sin daya ce dake cikin kasashe masu kyaun guraben zuba jari .

>>[Bankuna da Aikin Sarrafe-sarrafe]

Bankuna da aikin sarrafe-sarrafensu na kasar Sin

RMB wato kudin Kasar Sin, Bankin jama'ar kasar Sin ne ya buga kuma yana kula da aikin kudin

A shekarar 1994 , kasar Sin ta yi gyare-gyaren tsarin kudin musanya . Yanzu farashin kudin Sin yana cikin zama mai dorewa. Ci gaba da kiyaye darajar RMB yana amfanawa bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin da na duk duniya .Kasar Sin kasa ce mai tasowa ,kuma tana bukatar gurbi mai kwanciyar hankali na aikin kudi . Sabo da haka ci gaba da kiyaye farashin RMB yana iya kawo babban taimako ga saurin bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin kuma ya dace da hakikanin halin da kasar Sin ke ciki

Ya kamata a tsai da farashin kudin RMB na kasar Sin bisa matsayin bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasar , kuma bisa hakikanin tattalin arzikin kasar . Ci gaba da kiyaye darajar

Farashin kudin Sin , kuma ka da a raba matsayin farashin kudin RMB da halin tattalin arzikin kasar Sin . In farashin RMB ya sami sauye-sauye , to , mai yiwuwa ne zai kawo wasu matsaloli. Ko shakka babu zai kawo tasiri maras kyau ga 'yan kasawa na kasashen waje da suka zuba jari a nan kasar Sin .

Hauhawar darajar kudin Sin wato RMB ba ma kawai za ta kawo tasiri maras kyau ga wadannan sassa ba , hatta ma zata kawo tasiri maras kyau ga sauran bangarori .

A cikin shekaru 10 da suka wuce , kasar Sin ta kyautata tsarin kudin musanya bisa sauye-sauyen halin tattalin arzikin kasar Sin . Wannan yana dacewa da hakikanin halin da kasar Sin ke ciki kuma ya bayyana cewa kasar Sin ta dauki nauyin dake wuyanta aga kasashen waje .

Takardun hada-hadar kudi

A karshen shekarar 1979 , Kasar Sin ta fara yin gyare-gyare da bude kofa ga kasashen waje . A cikin shekaru fiye da 20 da suka wuce , tattalin arzikin kasar Sin ya sami ci gaba kwarai da gaske , kuma ya jawo hankalin mutanen kasashen waje ainu .

Masanan ilmin tattalin arziki na kasashen duniya suna ganin cewa , bunkasuwar kasar Sin za ta kara sauri , kuma za a mai da hankali sosai kan ingancin bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin . A wannan filin bunkasuwar kasar Sin za mu yi kokarin bayyana muku yadda za a kara ingancin bukasuwar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin .

A birnin Shanghai da birnin Shenzhen an kafa kasuwannin takardun hada-hadar kudi . Mr. Deng Xiaoping ya gaya wa shugabannin birane wadanda suka bude kofa ga kasashen waje da su koyi fasahar kasuwannin takardun hada-hadar kudi, sa'an nan kuma su yi aiki mai kyau sabuwar kasuwar kasar Sin . Yanzu a kasuwannin biyu akwai takardun hada-hadar kudi guda 1500. Wasu kuma saun sami babban ci gaba .

Inshora da aikin duba inshora na Kasar Sin

Don kara kyautata tsarin tabbacin zaman al'umma wanda ya dace da yalwatuwar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin da karfafa kiyayewar dukiyar mahasusin mutum , hukumar tsara dokokin shari'a ta kasar Sin wato Kwamitin dindindin na Majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar ya mai da hankali kan tsara dokar shari'a kan ikon mallakar dukiyar mahasusin mutum a wannan shekara . An gabatar da shirin wannan dokar wanda ya jawo hankulan rukunoni daban daban ga Kwamitin dindindin na Majalisar .

Ikon mallakar dukiya sabon abu ne ga Sinnawa . Wannan abu ya zo ne daga tsarin babban yankin kasar . A gun taro na 12 na Kwamitin dindindin na Majalisar . Mr. Hu Kangsheng , Direktan Kwamitin aikin tsare-tsare na Kwamitin dindindin na Majalisar ya yi cikakken bayani kan dokar ikon mallakar dukiya . Ya ce , ikon mallakar dukiya wani muhimmin ikon dukiya ne . Ikon mallakar gwamnati da ikon mallakar kungiya-kungiya da ikon mallakar mahasusin mutum da ikon kwangilar gonakai da ikon amfani da gonakan gine-gine , dukanninsu ikon mallakar dukiya ne .

Dokar ikon mallakar dukiya muhimmin kashi ne na dokokin jama'a . A hakikani Dokar za ta warware matsalar game da dukiya ta wane ne ? da kuma Wane ne zai yi amfani da ita ? A da saboda kayyaden tsarin tattalin arzikin shirye-shirye, dokokin jama'ar kasar Sin sun cika jaddada kiyayewar dukiyar gwamnati da ta kungiya , amma ba su bayyana kiyayewar dukiyar mahasusin mutum . A watan Maris na wannan shekara , a cikin sabon tsarin mulkin kasar da aka yi gyara , an tsai da wani muhimmin abu , shi ne kiyaye dukiyar mahasusin mutum . Wannan ya samar da dama ga fitowar Dokar kan ikon mallakar dukiya nan birnin Beijing, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar kiwon lafiya ta kasar Sin ya bayyana cewa , a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka wuce , kasar Sin ta dauki matakai masu karfi don tabbatar da lafiyar jini . Wadannan matakai sun kunshe da ba da jini ba tare da neman kudi ba da kai bugu mai tsanani ga sayar da jini bisa hanyar haramun da zuba jarin kudi mai yawa don kyautata kayayyakin tashar jini da sharadin aiki . Wadannan matakan sun ba da wasu amfanoni don hana yaduwar ciwon sida .

A da manyan matsalolin da suke kasancewa a cikin aikin kula da jini su ne galibin jinin da aka yi amfani a wajen likitanci ya zo ne daga masu ba da jini tare da biyan kudi . Wato wasu manoma da masu kudin shiga kadan sun

sayar da jini don samun kudi , amma wasu tashoshin jini ba sun yi binciken jini da fasahohi masu tsanaki ba. Sabo da haka ba a iya tabbatar da ingancin jini ba . Wani lokaci ya yi sanadiyyar ciwon hanta da ciwon sida .

Daga shekarar 1999 kasar Sin ta fara dauki wasu matakai don tabbatar da lafiyar jini . Kuma ta tsara dokar ba da jini da ka'idojin kula da kayayyakin jini da dokokin fasahar amfani da jini. Mr. Wang Yu , mataimakin shugaban Sashen harkokin likitanci na Ma'aikatar kiwon lafiya ta kasar Sin ya bayyana cewa , bisa tsarin musamman kiyaye lafiyar jini na Kungiyar kiwon lafiya ta duniya , Ma'aikatar kiwon lafiya ta kasar Sin ta kafa kuma ta kyautata dokokin shari'a da tsarin ka'idoji don tabbatar da lafiyar jini . Sa'an nan kuma ta karfafa aikin hukumomin samar da jini kuma ta karfafa aikin duba fasahohi da ka'idojin amfani da jini . Ta haka kasar Sin ta sami babban ci gaba a wajen tabbatar da jama'a suke yi amfani da jini cikin lafiya.

Mr. Wang Yu ya kuma ce , wadannan matakai da dokokin shari'a sun ba da amfani sosai don hana yaduwar ciwon sida ta hanyar samar da jini da yin amfani da jini . Kuma sun kawo muhimman tasiri mai kyau don tabbatar da lafiyar jini .

RMB kudin kasar Sin da Aikin kula da kudin musanya

RMB wato kudin Kasar Sin, Bankin jama'ar kasar Sin ne ya buga kuma yana kula da aikin kudin .

A shekarar 1994 , kasar Sin ta yi gyare-gyaren tsarin kudin musanya . Yanzu farashin kudin Sin yana cikin zama mai dorewa. Ci gaba da kiyaye darajar RMB yana amfanawa bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin da na duk duniya .Kasar Sin kasa ce mai tasowa ,kuma tana bukatar gurbi mai kwanciyar hankali na aikin kudi . Sabo da haka ci gaba da kiyaye farashin RMB yana iya kawo babban taimako ga saurin bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin kuma ya dace da hakikanin halin da kasar Sin ke ciki .

Ya kamata a tsai da farashin kudin RMB na kasar Sin bisa matsayin bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin kasar , kuma bisa hakikanin tattalin arzikin kasar . Ci gaba da kiyaye darajar

Farashin kudin Sin , kuma ka da a raba matsayin farashin kudin RMB da halin tattalin arzikin kasar Sin . In farashin RMB ya sami sauye-sauye , to , mai yiwuwa ne zai kawo wasu matsaloli. Ko shakka babu zai kawo tasiri maras kyau ga 'yan kasawa na kasashen waje da suka zuba jari a nan kasar Sin .

Hauhawar darajar kudin Sin wato RMB ba ma kawai za ta kawo tasiri maras kyau ga wadannan sassa ba , hatta ma zata kawo tasiri maras kyau ga sauran bangarori .

A cikin shekaru 10 da suka wuce , kasar Sin ta kyautata tsarin kudin musanya bisa sauye-sauyen halin tattalin arzikin kasar Sin . Wannan yana dacewa da hakikanin halin da kasar Sin ke ciki kuma ya bayyana cewa kasar Sin ta dauki nauyin dake wuyanta aga kasashen waje .

>>[Zaman Al'umma]

Kudin shiga na jama'a da sayen kayyayaki

Jami'an ma'aikatun ciniki na wurare daban daban Madam Wu Yi , Mataimakiyar Firayin minista mai kula da aikin cinikin waje ta kasar Sin ta bayyana cewa , a shekara mai zuwa saurin karuwar cinikin waje na kasar Sin zai karu kamar yadda ya kamata . Mai yiwuwa ne saurin karuwa zai rage bisa wannan shekara.

Kwanan baya Babbar Ma'aikatar harkokin kwastan ta sanar da cewa, a wannan shekara jimlar kudin cinikin waje na kasar Sin ta riga ta wuce dallar Amurka biliyan 1000 . Ma'aikatar ciniki ta kasar Sin ta kiyasta cewa , a duk shekara yawan kudin cinikin waje zai wuce dallar Amurka biliyan 1100. A gun taron aiki Madam Wu ta ce , saurin karuwar cinikin waje na kasar Sin a wannan shekara ya wuce kimantarwar da aka yi a farkon shekarar bana . Ta ce , a farkon wannan shekara a wasu wuraren kasar Sin an yi cutar murar tsuntsaye kuma a jerin watanni 4 kasar Sin ta fitar da gibin kudin ciniki . Sa'an nan kuma a wannan shekara an yi ta yi rikice-rikicen ciniki . Saboda haka ma iya cewa halin cinikin waje matsananci ne . Amma duk da haka yawan kudin cinikin waje na shekarar bana ya karu da kashi 30 cikin 100 bisa ta shekarar bara . Wato ya kai fiye da dallar Amurka biliyan 1000. Ta haka kasar Sin ta zama kasa ta uku wadda yawan kudin cinikin waje ya wuce dallar Amurka biliyan 1000 a duniya . Ya kamata a ce kasar Sin babbar kasar ciniki ce ta gaskiya .

Bisa bayanin da aka yi , an ce , a wannan shekara yawan kudin jarin kasashen waje da kasar Sin ta shigo da shi ya kara karuwa . An kimanta cewa, yawan kudin jarin waje da kasar Sin ke yi amfani da shi a hakikani zai kai dallar Amurka biliyan 60 . Ta hanyar kyautata muhallin zuba jari, karfin kasar Sin a wajen shigo da kudin jarin 'yan kasuwanni na kasashen waje ya kara karfafa . Manyan kamfanonin kasa da kasa masu yawa sun kafa ciniyar nazari da hedkwatar shiyya a nan kasar Sin .

A wajen hada kan tattalin arzikin shiyya shiyya , kasar Sin ta habaka huldar tattalin arziki da ciniki dake tsakaninta da manyan abokan cinikinta ciki har da kasar Amurka da Kawancen kasashen Turai da kasar Japan da kasar Rasha da sauran kasashe. Sa'an nan kuma ta yalwata musanye-musanye da hadin gwiwa a wajen ciniki da zuba jari da kasashe daban daban na duniya .

Tabbacin zaman al'umma na Kasar Sin

Don kara kyautata tsarin tabbacin zaman al'umma wanda ya dace da yalwatuwar tattalin arzikin kasar Sin da karfafa kiyayewar dukiyar mahasusin mutum , hukumar tsara dokokin shari'a ta kasar Sin wato Kwamitin dindindin na Majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar ya mai da hankali kan tsara dokar shari'a kan ikon mallakar dukiyar mahasusin mutum a wannan shekara . An gabatar da shirin wannan dokar wanda ya jawo hankulan rukunoni daban daban ga Kwamitin dindindin na Majalisar .

Ikon mallakar dukiya sabon abu ne ga Sinnawa . Wannan abu ya zo ne daga tsarin babban yankin kasar . A gun taro na 12 na Kwamitin dindindin na Majalisar . Mr. Hu Kangsheng , Direktan Kwamitin aikin tsare-tsare na Kwamitin dindindin na Majalisar ya yi cikakken bayani kan dokar ikon mallakar dukiya . Ya ce , ikon mallakar dukiya wani muhimmin ikon dukiya ne . Ikon mallakar gwamnati da ikon mallakar kungiya-kungiya da ikon mallakar mahasusin mutum da ikon kwangilar gonakai da ikon amfani da gonakan gine-gine , dukanninsu ikon mallakar dukiya ne .

Dokar ikon mallakar dukiya muhimmin kashi ne na dokokin jama'a . A hakikani Dokar za ta warware matsalar game da dukiya ta wane ne ? da kuma Wane ne zai yi amfani da ita ? A da saboda kayyaden tsarin tattalin arzikin shirye-shirye, dokokin jama'ar kasar Sin sun cika jaddada kiyayewar dukiyar gwamnati da ta kungiya , amma ba su bayyana kiyayewar dukiyar mahasusin mutum . A watan Maris na wannan shekara , a cikin sabon tsarin mulkin kasar da aka yi gyara , an tsai da wani muhimmin abu , shi ne kiyaye dukiyar mahasusin mutum . Wannan ya samar da dama ga fitowar Dokar kan ikon mallakar dukiya nan birnin Beijing, wani jami'in Ma'aikatar kiwon lafiya ta kasar Sin ya bayyana cewa , a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka wuce , kasar Sin ta dauki matakai masu karfi don tabbatar da lafiyar jini . Wadannan matakai sun kunshe da ba da jini ba tare da neman kudi ba da kai bugu mai tsanani ga sayar da jini bisa hanyar haramun da zuba jarin kudi mai yawa don kyautata kayayyakin tashar jini da sharadin aiki . Wadannan matakan sun ba da wasu amfanoni don hana yaduwar ciwon sida .

A da manyan matsalolin da suke kasancewa a cikin aikin kula da jini su ne galibin jinin da aka yi amfani a wajen likitanci ya zo ne daga masu ba da jini tare da biyan kudi .

>>[Manyan Ayyuka]

Ayyukan Sanxia

Gwmnatinn Kasar Sin ta dukufa kan aikin gina tashoshin ruwa a birnin Yichang da Dalian da Tianjin da Qingdao da Shanghai da Ningbo da Xiamen da Shenzhen . Wadannan tashoshi sun iya zame manyan jiragen ruwa masu dauke da manyan kwantina. A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka wuce , kasar Sin ta gina wasu tashoshin ruwa masu iya daukar kwal wadanda za a fitar da su zuwa kasashen waje da man fetur da duwatsun ma'adinan karfe wadanda za a shigo da su cikin kasar .

Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2003 manyan tashoshin ruwa dake gabar teku sun kasance da 1800 . A cikinsu Tashar ruwan Shanghai da ta Shenzhen da ta Qingdao da ta Tianjin da ta Guangzhou da ta Xiamen da ta Ningbo da ta Dalian sun riga sun shiga cikin tashoshi mafi girma 50 a duniya .

Manyan Ayyukan samar da ruwa

daga shiyyoyin kudu zuwa shiyyoyin arewa

Kasar Sin tana da fadi sosai . Hanyoyin zirga-zirga kamar sakar gizo-gizo . A cikinsu akwai manyan hanyoyin zirga-zirga masu kyau daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma daga gabas zuwa yamma . Cikakken tsawon hanyoyin ya kai kilomita dubu 35 . Yanzu an gama galibin ayyuka .

Kasar Sin kullum ta mai da ginin hanyoyin zirga-zirga da ya zama daya dake cinin gine-ginen muhimman manyan ayyuka . Daga shekarar 1998 zuwa shekarar 2001 yawan kudin da kasar ta zuba ya wuce RMB yuan biliyan 200 a jerin shekaru 4 . A shekarar 2000 kasar Sin ta zuba kudin yuan biliyan 300 kuma an gama aikin gina sababib hanyoyin zirga-zirga mai tsawon kilomita dubu 67 . A cikinsu akwai hanyoyi masu kyau wato da turanci ake cewar One Way masu tsawon 5700 . A shekarar 2003 an gina hanyoyi fiye da kilomita dubu 36 .Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2003 , hanyoyin zirga-zirga na duk kasar ya kai kilomita fiye da miliyan 1.8 . A cikinsu akwai hanyoyi na zamani na kilomita dubu 40 . Sa'an nan kuma kasar Sin ta kara saurin gina hanyoyin zirga-zirga a shiyyar yamma maso tsakiya . Ta haka an kyautata sharadin zirga-zirgar wannan shiyya . Ya zuwa shekarar 2008 , kasar Sin za ta gama aikin manyan hanyoyin zirga-zirga na matsayin kasa. A waccan lokaci , Beijing da Shanghai da dukanin biranen hedkwatar larduna da jihohi masu ikon tafiyar da harkokin kan kananan kabilu za su hade da manyan hanyoyin zamani . Ta haka yawan birane masu hade da hanyoyi masu kyau zai wuce 200 .

Hanyoyin jiragen kasa

ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2003 yawan hanyoyin jiragen kasa na kasar Sin ya kai kilomita dubu 73 . A cikinsu akwai hanyoyi biyu-biyu fiye da kilomita dubu 20 . Yawan hanyoyin jiragen kasa mai aiki da wutar lantarki ya kai dubu 18 . Hanyar jirgin kasa mai ketare teku ta farko ta kasar Sin wato hanyar daga Guangdong zuwa Hainan ta fara aiki ne a ran 7 ga watan Janairu na shekarar 2003 Hanyar jirgin kasa daga Qinghai zuwa Tibet mafi sama a duniya tana da tsawon kilomita 1142 . Za a gama aikinsa a shekarar 2006 . Yanzu kasasr Sin ta riga ta zama daya dake cikin kasashe masu jigilar da mutane da kayyayaki masu yawa a duniya .

Tun daga shekarar 1998 , hanyoyin jiragen kasa na kasar Sin sun kara saurin kaiwa da kawowa sau da yawa . Kuma galibin jiragen kasa na fasinja sun tabbatar da ajandar sun tashi a dare sun isa a safe na kashegari.

Ayyukan samar da gaz daga shiyyoyin yamma zuwa shiyyoyin gabas

Kasar Sin tana da fadi sosai . Hanyoyin zirga-zirga kamar sakar gizo-gizo . A cikinsu akwai manyan hanyoyin zirga-zirga masu kyau daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma daga gabas zuwa yamma . Cikakken tsawon hanyoyin ya kai kilomita dubu 35 . Yanzu an gama galibin ayyuka .

Kasar Sin kullum ta mai da ginin hanyoyin zirga-zirga da ya zama daya dake cinin gine-ginen muhimman manyan ayyuka . Daga shekarar 1998 zuwa shekarar 2001 yawan kudin da kasar ta zuba ya wuce RMB yuan biliyan 200 a jerin shekaru 4 . A shekarar 2000 kasar Sin ta zuba kudin yuan biliyan 300 kuma an gama aikin gina sababib hanyoyin zirga-zirga mai tsawon kilomita dubu 67 . A cikinsu akwai hanyoyi masu kyau wato da turanci ake cewar One Way masu tsawon 5700 . A shekarar 2003 an gina hanyoyi fiye da kilomita dubu 36 .Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2003 , hanyoyin zirga-zirga na duk kasar ya kai kilomita fiye da miliyan 1.8 . A cikinsu akwai hanyoyi na zamani na kilomita dubu 40 . Sa'an nan kuma kasar Sin ta kara saurin gina hanyoyin zirga-zirga a shiyyar yamma maso tsakiya . Ta haka an kyautata sharadin zirga-zirgar wannan shiyya . Ya zuwa shekarar 2008 , kasar Sin za ta gama aikin manyan hanyoyin zirga-zirga na matsayin kasa. A waccan lokaci , Beijing da Shanghai da dukanin biranen hedkwatar larduna da jihohi masu ikon tafiyar da harkokin kan kananan kabilu za su hade da manyan hanyoyin zamani . Ta haka yawan birane masu hade da hanyoyi masu kyau zai wuce 200 .

Ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki daga shiyyoyin yamma zuwa shiyyoyin gabas

Ayyukan samar da wutar lantarki daga shiyyoyin yamma zuwa shiyyoyin gabas babban aiki ne na Kasar Sin . A cikinsu akwai manyan hanyoyin zirga-zirga masu kyau daga arewa zuwa kudu kuma daga gabas zuwa yamma . Cikakken tsawon hanyoyin ya kai kilomita dubu 35 . Yanzu an gama galibin ayyuka .

Kasar Sin kullum ta mai da ginin hanyoyin zirga-zirga da ya zama daya dake cinin gine-ginen muhimman manyan ayyuka . Daga shekarar 1998 zuwa shekarar 2001 yawan kudin da kasar ta zuba ya wuce RMB yuan biliyan 200 a jerin shekaru 4 . A shekarar 2000 kasar Sin ta zuba kudin yuan biliyan 300 kuma an gama aikin gina sababib hanyoyin zirga-zirga mai tsawon kilomita dubu 67 . A cikinsu akwai hanyoyi masu kyau wato da turanci ake cewar One Way masu tsawon 5700 . A shekarar 2003 an gina hanyoyi fiye da kilomita dubu 36 .Ya zuwa karshen shekarar 2003 , hanyoyin zirga-zirga na duk kasar ya kai kilomita fiye da miliyan 1.8 . A cikinsu akwai hanyoyi na zamani na kilomita dubu 40 . Sa'an nan kuma kasar Sin ta kara saurin gina hanyoyin zirga-zirga a shiyyar yamma maso tsakiya . Ta haka an kyautata sharadin zirga-zirgar wannan shiyya . Ya zuwa shekarar 2008 , kasar Sin za ta gama aikin manyan hanyoyin zirga-zirga na matsayin kasa. A waccan lokaci , Beijing da Shanghai da dukanin biranen hedkwatar larduna da jihohi masu ikon tafiyar da harkokin kan kananan kabilu za su hade da manyan hanyoyin zamani . Ta haka yawan birane masu hade da hanyoyi masu kyau zai wuce 200 .

>>[Babban Aiki don bunkasad da shiyyoyin dake yammacin kasar Sin]

Babban Aiki don bunkasad da shiyyoyin dake yammacin kasar Sin

A watan Oktoba na shekarar 1987 , Taron wakilan Kasa na 13na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Kasar Sin a bayyane ta gabatar damatakai 3 don tabbatar da zamanin kasar Sin .

Hakikannun makasudai su ne :

Mataki na farko shi ne daga shekarar 1981 zuwa shekarar 1990 , jimlar karuwar arziki wato GDP ta kasar Sin ta rubanya har sau 2 . Wato ta warware matsalar samun isashen abinci da sutura . Mataki na biyu shi ne daga shekarar 1991 zuwa karshen karni na 20 , jimlar karuwar arziki ta sake rubanya sau 2 . Wato zaman rayuwar jama'a ya kai matsayin zaman wadata . Mataki na uku shi ne ya zuwa tsakiyar karni na 21 Jimlar karuwar arzikin kasar Sin za ta kai matsayin kasashe masu sukuni . Wato zaman yau da kullum na jama'a zaa kara wadatuwa kuma kasar Sin za ta tabbatar da zamani .

A watan Satumba na shekarar 1997 , taron wakilan kasa na 15 na Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Kasar Sin ya bayyana hakikanin abubuwa na mataki na 3 . Wato a cikin shekaru 10 na farko na karni na 21 , jimlar karuwar arzikin kasar Sin za ta rubanya sau 2 bisa shekarar 2000 . Wato za a kafa cikakken tsarin tattalin arzikin kasuwar gurguzu . Bayan haka da za a yi kokari shekaru 10 , za a kara yalwatuwar tattalin arzikin kasar , kuma za a kyautata tsare-tsare daban daban . Ya zuwa shekarar 2050 , kasar Sin za ta tabbatar da zamani kuma za ta zama kasar gurguzu mai wadata da dimokuradiyya da wayewar kai .

>>[Za a farfado tsofafin sansanonin Masana'antu na Jihar arewa maso gabas]

Za a farfado tsofafin sansanonin Masana'antu na Jihar arewa maso gabas

A farkon shekarar 1950 , masana'antun Kasar Sin tafara samun yalwatuwa da saurin gaske . Bayan da aka kafa sabuwar Kasar Sin a shekarar 1949 , masana'antun kasar Sin sun shiga cikin lokacin farfadowa da yalwatuwa a duk fannoni . Ya zuwa shekarar 1978 , kasar Sin ta riga ta kafa cikakken tsarin tattalin arzikin masana'antu . Masana'antar man fetur ta gargajiya da sababbin masana'antun kemistori das kwayar zara sun sami yalwatuwa da saurin gaske . Masana'antun zamani kamarsu masana'antar nukiliya da ta kumbo mai dauke da 'dan sama jannati sun sami ci gaban da ba a taba ganinsa a tarihi ba . Tun daga shekarar 1979 , yalwatuwar masana'antun kasar Sin ta kara sauri . Daga shekarar 1979 zuwa shekarar 2003 , yawan karuwar masana'antu ya kai fiye da kashi 10 cikin 100 a kowace shekara .

Bayan da aka yi yalwatuwa cikin shekaru fiye da 50 , yawan kayayyakin manyan masana'antun kasar Sin ya karu da ninki daruruka . An sayar da kayayyakin masana'antu masu yawa zuwa wurare daban daban a duniya.