A makon da muke ciki, kwamitin zartaswa na kungiyar tarayya Turai EU, da kasar Canada, dukkansu sun gabatar da wasu takardu game da yadda za a yi kwaskwarima kan tsarin kungiyar ciniki ta duniya WTO. Sai dai bayan mako guda, wa'adi aiki na Shree Servansing, wani alkali na hukuma mai kula da karbar kara ta kungiyar WTO, zai cika, lamarin da zai sa aikin hukumar ya gamu da matsala sakamakon karancin ma'aikata. Wannan yanayin da ake ciki, ya sa tsarin ciniki da ya shafi bangarori daban daban ya fara fuskantar wani mawuyacin hali.

Dalilin da ya sa aka ce haka, shi ne domin tsarin daidaita sabanin ra'ayi na kungiyar WTO, shi ne abun da ya fi muhimmanci, wanda ya tabbatar da tsarin ciniki da ya shafi bangarori daban daban. Inda hukumar karbar kara ta yi kama da wata kotu ta koli dake cikin kungiyar, wadda ke da ikon yanke hukunci kan rikicin ciniki. Saboda haka, ko hukumar za ta iya gudanar da aikinta yadda ake bukata, na tabbatar da ingancin aikin kungiyar WTO.

A ranar 27 ga watan Agusta, kasar Amurka ta jefa kuri'ar kin amincewa da baiwa alkali Servansing wani sabon wa'adin aiki. Wannan ya kasance karo da dama da kasar Amurka ta yi hakan cikin wasu watanni 11 a jere, don hana kungiyar WTO ta nada wani alkali kan matsayin aikinsa dake cikin hukumar karbar kara. Hakan yana nufin cewa, bayan da alkalin Servansing ya bar matsayinsa a ranar 30 ga watan da muke ciki, sauran wasu alkalai 3 kawai ake da su a cikin hukumar karbar karar, wato yawan alkalan da ake bukata don kula da kararrakin da aka yi ke nan. Amma idan daya daga cikin alkalan 3 ya ce ba zai iya kula da wata kara ba, to, hukumar ba za ta iya gudanar da aikinta ba. Ta wannan hanya za a sa kungiyar WTO ta wargaje a karshe. Bisa hasashen da aka yi, ya zuwa karshe shekarar 2019, watakila alkali daya tilo ne zai samu damar ci gaba da aiki a hukumar.

Ta la'akari da wannan yanayin da ake ciki, aikin da ake bukata a yi shi cikin gaggawa, shi ne tabbatar da cewa hukumar karbar kara ta kungiyar WTO ba za ta daina aiki ba. Saboda haka, don gudanar da gyare-gyare kan tsarin kungiyar WTO, da ciyar da tattalin arzikin duniya gaba, ana bukatar a cimma matsaya daya kan wasu ra'ayoyi 3:

Na farko, ya kamata a sanya kasar Amurka ta daina yi wa hukumar karbar kara ta kungiyar WTO zagon kasa. Tun daga watan Agustan shekarar 2016, kasar Amurka ta fara kokarin hana ruwa gudu ga aikin hukumar karbar karar na zabar wani sabon alkalinta. Yayin da kungiyar EU da kasar Canada suka gabatar da takardu masu alaka da yin kwaskwarima kan tsarin kungiyar WTO, dukkansu sun bayyana damuwarsu kan yadda kasar Amurka take wa hukumar karbar kara ta kungiyar WTO zagon kasa. Haka zalika, kungiyar EU ta ba da shawarar kara mambobin hukumar karbar karar daga 7 zuwa 9. Ta haka, a ganin ta, za a samu damar kyautata ayyukan hukumar.

Na biyu, a hana kariyar ciniki. Ban da kawo matsala ga aikin nada alkali a hukumomin WTO, kasar Amurka ta kuma keta dokokin kungiyar WTO, inda ta yi amfani da dokokin kasar wajen kara haraji kan wasu kasashen duniya, domin matsa wa kasashen lamba, sa'an nan, za su karbi sharadin kasar Amurka a yayin da suke shawarwari. Lamarin da ya bata ikon kungiyar WTO, da kuma lalata tsarin ciniki tsakanin kasa da kasa.

Don gane da wannan lamari, kungiyar tarayyar kasashen Turai da kasar Canada sun ba da shawarar cewa, ya kamata a gyara tsarin ciniki tsakanin kasa da kasa, domin kara ikon kungiyar WTO wajen sa ido kan matakan ciniki na mambobin kungiyar. Tun daga farkon shekarar bana, kungiyar EU ta fara yin shawarwari da kasashen Amurka, Japan, da kuma yin hadin gwiwa da kasar Amurka da kasar Sin, wajen kafa tawagogin kula da harkokin yin kwaskwarima na WTO. A sa'i daya kuma, ta yi la'akari da kungiyar G20, domin mai da hankali kan wasu harkokin dake janyo hankulan kasa da kasa, da kuma dukufa wajen hana kariyar ciniki yadda ya kamata.

Na uku, ya kamata a tsaya tsayin daka wajen yin shawarwari don cimma matsaya guda. Kwanan baya, ministan harkokin wajen kasar Sin Wang Yi ya bayyana cewa, "a yayin da muke yin tattaunawa kan gyara tsarin ciniki tsakanin kasa da kasa, ya kamata mu kiyaye ka'idar kungiyar WTO, da kare ikon kasashe masu tasowa, da kuma tsayawa tsayin daka wajen yin shawarwari don cimma matsaya guda. Sabo da a halin yanzu, kasashe masu ci gaban tattalin arziki sun fitar da galibin shawarwarin yin kwaskwarima na WTO, shi ya sa, yana da muhimmanci wajen jaddada kare ikon kasashe masu tasowa da kuma kara yin shawarwari yadda ya kamata."

Bugu da kari, Wang Yi ya ce, burin yin kwaskwarima a kungiyar WTO shi ne shimfida adalci a tsakanin kasa da kasa wajen samun ci gaba, a maimakon habaka bambancin dake tsakanin kasashe masu ci gaba da kasashe masu tasowa. Ya ce ya kamata a saurari shawarwari daga bangarori daban daban, musamman ma daga kasashe masu tasowa, domin kare moriyar bangarorin da abin ya shafa yadda ya kamata.

A hakika dai, ka'idar yin shawarwari don cimma matsaya guda ita ce tushen tsarin shawarwari na kungiyar WTO, domin ta ba da taimako wajen neman daidaito a tsakanin mambobi masu tasowa, da mambobi masu ci gaba. Bisa nazarin da masanan suka yi, an ce, wasu suna zargin ka'idar cewa, ta rage karfin aikin yin shawarwari na kungiyar, amma, idan ba a cimma matsaya guda ta hanyar yin shawarwari a tsakanin bangarori daban daban ba, ta yaya za a sa mambobin kungiyar su aiwatar da sakamakon shawarwari yadda ya kamata? （Mai sharhi: Xu Qingduo  Mai Fassarawa: Bello Wang/Maryam Yang）