181213-wasan-hockey-bello.m4a

Wasan Hockey wasa ne da ake yi tsakanin kungiyoyi 2, inda ko wacensu ke kokarin sarrafa wani kwallo, ko kuma wani karamin fai-fai na roba, da wata lankwasasshiyar sanda, don neman buga kwallon, ko kuma fai-fan cikin ragar abokan karawa. Akwai nau'ikan wasan daban daban, wadanda dukkansu na cikin rukunin wasan Hockey. Cikinsu akwai wasan Bandy, da wasan Hockey kan filin ciyayi, da kuma wasan Hockey kan filin kankara.

A yawancin kasashe, ana amfani da kalmar "Hockey" don bayyana wasan Hockey kan filin ciyayi. Sai dai a wasu kasashen da ake samun yankuna masu tsananin sanyi, irinsu Canada, Amurka, Finland, Latvia, da jamhuriyar Czech, ana amfani da kalmar "Hockey" don bayyana wasan Hockey kan filin kankara.

Daga ina aka samu sunan wasan wato "Hockey"?

Hakika har yanzu ba a san tun daga yaushe ne aka fara amfani da sunan wasan wato "Hockey" wajen bayyana wasan sarrafa kwallo da sanda mai lankwasa ba. Amma a cikin wani tsohon littafin da aka rubuta don gabatar da fasahohin kula da yara a shekarar 1773, an gano bayani kan wasan Hockey da aka yi a lokacin, wanda ya kasance wani rubutaccen bayani mai alaka da wasan Hockey mafi tsufa da aka taba samu.

Game da wannan kalma ta "Hockey", an ce watakila an same ta ne daga harshen Faransanci, wato yaren kasar Faransa. Domin a wasu yankunan dake tsakiyar kasar Faransa, ana kiran sandar da ake amfani da ita wajen korar awaki da sunan "hoquet", kalmar da ake furta ta kusan iri daya da kalmar "Hockey". Sa'an nan idan mun dubi tsarin sandar da aka taba amfani da ita wajen korar awaki a wasu kasashen Turai, za mu ga karshenta yana da lankwasa, daidai da na sandar wasan Hockey. Don haka, watakila an taba yin amfani da sandar korar awaki a matsayin sandar da ake amfani da ita wajen wasan kwallo, kuma ta haka sannu a hankali aka kirkiro wasan Hockey. Sai dai wannan zato ne kawai dangane da asalin Kalmar wasan Hockey, wato dai babu tabbas game da hakan.

Tarihin wasan Hockey

Masu nazarin tarihin dan Adam sun ce, an taba samun wasanni masu alaka da buga kwallo da wata lankwasasshiyar sanda, a kasashe da yankuna daban daban, duk da cewa ba dole ne a ce ana kiransu da sunan Hockey ba.

Ga misali a kasar Masar, an gano zane-zanen da aka yi kan dutse wasu shekaru 4000 da suka wuce, wandanda suka nuna yadda mutanen da suke cikin kungiyoyi daban daban suke wasa da sanduna, da kuma wani kwallo. Ban da wannan kuma, sauran shaidu sun nuna yadda aka yi wasan Hurling, wato wani nau'in wasan Hockey, a kasar Ireland a shekarar 1272 kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa.

A tsohuwar Girka kuwa, akwai wani wasan da ake kira Keretizein, ma'anar sa shi ne wasan da a kan yi da wata sanda mai siffar kaho. Sa'an nan al'ummar Daular kasar Mongolia, sun riga sun yi shekaru kimanin dubu 1 suna wasan Beikou, wanda shi ma ya yi kama da wasan Hockey na yanzu.

Hakika yawancin bayanan da aka samu cikin tsoffin littattafai masu alaka wasan Hockey, ka'adoji ne da aka gabatar, sa'an nan galibinsu sun shafi yadda aka hana gudanar da wasan. Watalika saboda a lokacin babu wani kebabben fili domin gudanar da wasan, don haka wasan zai iya zama mai hadari, bisa la'akari da yadda ake buga sanda da kwallo a kan titi.

Nau'ikan wasan Hockey:

Bandy

Zuwa yanzu wasan Hockey ya zama wani wasan dake matukar samun karbuwa a wurare daban daban na duniyarmu. Sai dai nau'in wasan da ake yinsa a wata kasa, ya kan sha bamban da na wata kasa ta daban. A nan za mu yi bayani kan wasu nau'ikan wasan Hockey masu farin jini.

Da farko akwai wasan Bandy. Yayin da ake wasan Bandy, 'yan wasan suna yin amfani da lankwasasshiyar sanda, wajen buga wani kwallo kan wani babban filin kankara, wanda fadinsa ya yi daidai da fadin filin wasan kwallon kafa. A kan gudanar da wasan Bandy a waje maimakon cikin gida, kana ka'idojin da ake bi wajen gudanar da wasan kusan iri daya ne da na wasan kwallon kafa. Ana gudanar da wasan Bandy bisa matsayin kwararrun 'yan wasa ne a kasashen Rasha da Sweden, har ma ana kallonsa tamkar wani wasa mafi muhimmanci a Rasha. Sai dai an ce wasan Bandy ya samo asali ne daga kasar Birtaniya, inda aka fara gudanar da wasan a karni na 19, daga bisani an yada wasan zuwa sauran kasashen dake nahiyar Turai. Zuwa yanzu a kowace shekara ana gudanar da gasar cin kofin duniya ta wasan Bandy, inda ake samun kungiyoyi na wasu kasashen dake halartar gasar.

Field Hockey

Ban da wannan kuma, akwai wani nau'in wasan Hockey da ake kira "Field Hockey", ma'anar sa shi ne wasan Hockey da ake yi cikin wani fili na musamman. Wannan fili zai iya kasancewa filin ciyayi, ko kuma na ciyayi na jabu. Wannan wasa yana da farin jini tsakanin maza da mata na kasashe daban daban, musamman ma a kasashen dake nahiyar Turai, da Asiya, gami da kasashen da suka hada da Australia, New Zealand, Afirka ta Kudu, da kuma Argentina.

Babbar hukumar dake kula da wannan wasa a duniya ita ce hadaddiyar kungiyar Hockey ta kasa da kasa, wadda ta kunshi mambobi 126. An fara buga wasan Field Hockey ne a tsakiyar karnin 18, tsakanin daliban makarantun kasar Birtaniya. Sa'an nan an tabbatar da ka'idojin wasan a karshen karni na 19. An kafa kulob mai gudanar da wasan Field Hockey ne a Blachheath na birnin London a shekarar 1849. Zuwa yanzu wasan ya kasance wasa mafi muhimmanci a kasar Pakistan.

Ice Hockey

Ban da wannan kuma, akwai wasan Ice Hockey, wato wasan Hockey na kankara, wanda ya fi samun karbuwa a arewacin nahiyar Amurka, da nahiyar Turai, musamman ma a kasashen da suka hada da Canada, Finland, Latvia, da jamhuriyar Czech. Zuwa yanzu, an daidaita tsare-tsaren wasan sosai, har ma ana buga gasanni bisa matakai daban daban. Daga kwararrun 'yan wasa zuwa yara dukkansu suna iya shiga wannan wasa. Tsarin gasar mafi girman matsayi na Ice Hockey shi ne tsarin gasar NHL na arewacin nahiyar Amurka, wanda ke janyo hankalin kwararrun 'yan wasa daga kasashe daban daban, domin su ma su halarci tsarin gasar da ya fi inganci a wannan fanni.

Ice Sledge hockey

Ban da wannan kuma, akwai wasan Ice Sledge hockey, wato wasan Hockey da ake yi bisa yin amfani da 'yar motar zamiya kan kankara. An tsara wasan ne musamman ma domin nakasassu, wadanda ba su iya tsayawa kan kafafuwansu. Yayin da ake wasan, 'yan wasa za su zauna kan 'yar motar zamiya kan kankara, tare da rike sanduna 2 a hannayensu. Da wadannan sanduna 2, za su sarrafa 'yar motarsu, gami da buga kwallo a kan kankara. Sauran ka'idojin wasan sun yi kama da na wasan Ice Hockey. Sa'an nan bisa fasahar 'yar motar zamiya kan kankara, an tsara 'yar motar zamiya mai taya, kuma da wannan motar musamman, an tsara wasan Hockey na musamman da ake amfani da wannan mota. Sai dai wannan wasa bai kayyade cewa sai nakasassu kadai ke iya halartar sa ba. Kowa zai iya shiga wasan Hockey na 'yar motar zamiya mai taya, har ma ya samu damar halartar gasannin matsayin kasa da kasa, gwargwadon kwarewar mutum a wannan fanni.

Roller Hockey

Ban da wannan kuma, akwai wasan Roller Hockey, wato wasan Hockey da ake yi bisa yin amfani da takalma masu taya. Ana gudanar da wasan ne tsakanin kungiyoyi 2, yayin da a kowace kungiyar akwai 'yan wasa 5, ciki har da wani mai tsaron gida. Gasar Roller Hockey a kan gudanar da ita ne bisa matakai 3, yayin da kowane matakin na bukatar mintuna 15.

Sauran nau'ikan wasannin Hockey

Hakika wasan Hockey ya kasance wani wasa mai tarihi da kuma farin jini tsakanin al'umma, don haka an dinga sauya tsarin wasan don biyan bukatu daban daban. Ga misali, domin yaran da suke son buga wasan Hockey a duk wani filin da suke iya samu, an tsara Street Hockey, wato wasan Hockey da ake yi kan titi. Sa'an nan domin wadanda ke son gudanar da wasan a cikin wani daki, an tsara Air Hockey, wato wasan Hockey da ake yi kan wani teburi na musamman, wanda ke iya fitar da iska don ta da karamin fai-fan da ake bugawa sama. Gami da Beach Hockey, wato wasan Hockey da ake bugawa kan filin rairayi dake bakin teku. Sai dai duk wadannan wasanni ana gudanar da su ne domin nishadi, maimakon cikin wasu manyan gasanni.(Bello Wang)