Jiya Laraba 25 ga wata ne aka bude taron kwanaki 3 na shugabannin kasashen BRICS karo na 10 a birnin Johannesburg dake kasar Afirka ta Kudu. Kamfanin dillancin labaru na Reuters ya rubuta wani sharhi mai taken "rikicin ciniki da gwamnatin Trump ta tada ya yi sabon tasiri ga kasashen kungiyar BRICS" a wannan rana, inda ya yi nuni da cewa, a shekarar bara, adadin GDP na kasashen BRICS ya zarce dala biliyan dubu 17, wanda ya fi na kasashen kungiyar EU da yawa. Watakila matakin kara harajin kwastam da gwamnatin Trump ta gudanar zai tada yakin ciniki a duniya, ana sa ran cewa, shugabannin kasashen BRICS za su hada gwiwa wajen tabbatar da tsarin ciniki a tsakanin bangarori daban daban. Mai yiwuwa ne yanayin yakin ciniki na duniya zai kara zaburar da sabon karfi kungiyar BRICS.

Hasashen da wannan kafar watsa labaru ta kasashen yammacin duniya ta yi a wannan karo ya yi daidai. Lokacin da ake fuskantar kalubale da dama yayin da ake raya tattalin arzikin masana'antu ta sadarwa karo na 4, tare da yakin ciniki da kasar Amurka ta tada, kasashen BRICS sun cimma daidaito a wannan fanni.

A cikin jawaban da shugabannin kasashen BRICS suka bayar a yayin taron tattaunawar harkokin masana'antu da cinikayya da aka gudanar a wannan rana, sun bayyana cewa, dole ne sun yi amfani da damar raya tattalin arziki ta hanyar cinikkayar yanar gizo karo na 4, da karfafa ciniki da zuba jari a tsakanin kasashen BRICS, da sa kaimi ga yin ciniki cikin 'yanci a nahiyar Afirka, da samun bunkasuwar tattalin arziki don amfanawa jama'a. Shugaban kasar Sin Xi Jinping ya jaddada cewa, kamata ya yi kasashen BRICS su tsaya tsayin daka kan manufar raya tattalin arzikin duniya mai bude kofa ga kowa, da kin amincewa da ra'ayin bangare daya da ra'ayin bada kariya ga cinikkaya, da sa kaimi ga sassauta ka'idodin da suke kawo cikas ga harkokin cinikayya da zuba jari, da raya tsarin tatalin arziki na duniya na bai daya cikin adalci da bude kofa da hakurtar da juna da samun moriyar juna.

Yayin taron kolin, za a gudanar da taruruka da ayyuka da dama da suka shafi tattalin arziki da cinikayya da batun samar da muhimman kayayyakin more rayuwar jama'a da cudanyar al'adu da sauransu, duk wadannan sun nuna wa al'ummomin kasashen duniya cewa, taron kolin yana mai da hankali ne kan batutuwa guda biyu wato samun ci gaba bisa tushen yin hakuri da bambancin ra'ayi da kuma gudanar da cinikayya tsakanin bangarori da dama. A matsayinta na mai bakuncin taron na wannan karo, kasar Afirka ta Kudu ta saka babban taken taron kolin bana: "BRICS a Afirka: cimma burin samun ci gaba bisa tushen yin hakuri da bambancin ra'ayi da gudanar da hadin gwiwa domin samun wadata tare yayin da ake yin juyin juya halin masana'antu karo na 4." Wannan ba sabon tunanin da aka tsara ba ne, ana sa ran cewa, za a taimakawa ci gaban kasashen Afirka ta hanyar amfani da fasahohin da kasashen da suka fi saurin ci gaban tattalin arziki suka samu.

A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, gibin tattalin arziki a tsakanin masu arziki da masu fama da talauci ko a tsakanin shiyya-shiyya yana ta karuwa, har ma ra'ayoyin neman bunkasuwar duk duniya bai daya da kare cinikayya sun sake farfadowa. Don haka, kasashe masu arziki da kasashe masu tasowa sun gano cewa, idan ba za a yi kokarin ingiza a nemi ci gaba bisa manufofin hakurtar da juna ba, a hakika dai matsalolin da suke kasancewa a fannonin tattalin arziki da zaman al'umma za su kara tsananta. A cikin "rahoton samun karuwa da ci gaba bisa manufofin hakurtar da juna a shekarar 2017" da aka fitar a dandalin tattalin arzikin duniya, an yi kashedin cewa, idan ba za a iya gyara tsari da ma'aunin karuwar tattalin arziki cikin lokaci ba, to yawancin kasashen duniya za su rasa muhimmiyar damar farfadowar tattalin arzikinsu.

A matsayinta kasa wadda ke taka rawar gani wajen aiwatar da manufar hakurtar da juna wajen samun ci gaba, kasar Sin tana gudanar da kwaskwarima a jere yayin da take aiwatar da manufar raya kasa ta hanyar "kirkire-kirkire da zaman jituwa da kiyaye muhalli da bude kofa da moriyar juna" a cikin shekarun baya bayan nan, har kullum gwamnatin kasar Sin tana mai da hankali kan muradun al'ummar ta, wannan ya sa ta samu manyan sauye-sauye, wato a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, adadin mutanen da suka kubuta daga talauci a kasar ya kai miliyan 68, adadin da ya kai matsayin koli a tarihin yaki da talauci na dan Adam. A waje daya, kasar Sin ta ba da babbar gudumawa wajen kyautata rayuwar jama'a da ingiza samun ci gaba bisa manufar hakurtar da juna a fadin duniya ta hanyar aiwatar da shawarar "ziri daya da hanya daya", da gudanar da hadin gwiwa tsakanin sassa da dama ko sassa biyu, musamman ma yayin dandalin taron Dawos da aka shirya a shekarar da ta gabata, da kuma ganawar da shugabannin kasashen BRICS suka yi a birnin Xiamen na lardin Fujian na kasar Sin, kasar Sin ta yi kokarin raya manufar BRICS ta "gudanar da hadin gwiwa ba tare da rufa rufa ba domin samun ci gaba tare" ga 'yan kasuwa a duk fadin duniya, ta yadda za su ba da gudumawarsu wajen samun ci gaba bisa manufar hakurtar da juna.

Kasar Afirka ta kudu ta koyi fasahohin kasar Sin, da hadin gwiwar dake tsakanin kasashen BRICS, inda ta dukufa wajen gina taron kolin shugabannin kasashen BRICS a matsayin muhimmin dandalin dake nuna amincin kasashen Afirka na bude kofa ga waje, da kuma dandalin hadin gwiwar kasashen Afirka da kasashen BRICS. A taruka da dama da aka yi, wakilan gwamnatin kasar Afirka ta Kudu, da na 'yan kasuwa sun bayyana cewa, matsayin masana'antun kasashen Afirka dake sassan duniya zai bunkasa ta hanyar karfafa gina ababen more rayuwa, da kuma inganta harkokin ciniki cikin 'yanci. Haka kuma, suna sa ran shiga cikin juyin juya halin masana'antun duniya karo na 4 bisa fasahohin zamani na yanar gizo da AI.

Shugaban kasar Sin Xi Jinping ya bayyana a yayin taron dandalin tattaunawar harkokin masana'antu da kasuwancin kasashen BRICS da aka yi a birnin Johannesburg cewa, gudummawa da kasashe masu saurin bunkasuwar tattalin arziki da kasashe masu tasowa suka bayar ga bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin duniya baki daya ta kai kashi 80 bisa dari. Kuma bisa kididdigar da aka yi bisa ma'aunin musayar kudade, karfin tattalin arzikin kasashen ya kai kashi 40 bisa dari cikin dukkanin kasashen duniya, nan da shekaru 10 masu zuwa, adadin zai kai kashi 50 bisa dari. Babu shakka, dukkanin kasashen BRICS suna son cin gajiyar wannan dama mai kyau, kuma manufar "Neman samun ci gaba da bunkasuwa bisa manufar hakurtar da juna" da kasar Sin ta gabatar, za ta tabbatar da bunkasuwar kasashen a nan gaba.

A halin yanzu, galibin kasashe sun cimma matsaya daya kan wannan manufa, a nan gaba kuma, ya kamata mu dukufa wajen aiwatar da manufar yadda ya kamata domin cimma burinmu na neman dawamammen ci gaba, musamman ma a yanzu, da ake fama da matsalar kariyar ciniki da sauran kalubaloli.

Wani karin maganar Sinawa na cewa, za a fuskanci mummunan mawuyacin hali idan an kauce kan hanya da ta dace, ya kamata a nace ga hanyar da ba za ta gurgunta wannan tafiya ba. Yayin ganawar kasashen BRICS a Johannesburg, dukkanin kasashe na bayyana matsayinsu na kin yarda da manufar kariyar ciniki da zuba jari, tare kuma da bayyana niyyarsu na kara hadin kai don tinkarar kalubalen da suke fuskanta. Ya zuwa yanzu, yawan al'ummomin kasashen BRICS ya kai kashi 40 cikin dari na dukkanin al'ummomin duniya, gudunmawar da suke bayarwa ya kai kashi 50 cikin dari na raya tattalin arzikin duniya, abun da ya nuna cewa, kasashen BRICS na zama muhimmin karfi mai inganci wajen jagorancin bunkasuwar tattalin arzikin duniya. Masanin tattalin arzikin Birtaniya Jim O'Neill wanda ya fara gabatar da tunanin kasashen BRICS ya yi hasashe a bara cewa, jimlar tattalin arzikin BRICS zai zarce na G7 a shekarar 2035.

Raya tattalin arzikin kowace kasa ta dogaro da ra'ayin da kasashen BRICS suke bi. Tattaunawa tsakanin bangarori daban-daban ko kama karya? Kasancewar bangarori daban-daban ko bangare daya tilo a duniya? Game da wadannan tambayoyi, shugabannin kasashen BRICS sun sha kai ga cimma matsaya a shawarwarin da suke yi, alal misali, sabon bankin raya tattalin arziki na BRICS, shawarar "Ziri daya da hanya daya", da dangantakar abota game da sabon kwaskwarima da aka yi kan masana'antu da dai sauransu dandaloli ne na sa kaimi ga hadin kai tsakaninsu. (Zainab Zhang, Jamila Zhou, Maryam Yang, Amina Xu)