180522-ci-gaban-wani-kauye-ya-shaida-saurin-bunkasuwar-Shenzhen-Kande.m4a

Yaya birnin Shenzhen da ke kudancin kasar Sin ya canja, daga wani karamin garin da ba a taba jin sunansa ba, zuwa wani babban birni mai rayayyen karfi da ke da mutane miliyan 20?

Bana shekara ce ta cika shekaru 40 da gwamnatin kasar Sin ta aiwatar da manufar bude kofa ga waje da yin kwaskwarima a gida, wakiliyarmu ta ziyarci birnin Shenzhen, domin gano sirrin saurin ci gaban birnin wanda aka mayar da shi a matsayin yankin musamman na tattalin arziki na farko.

Kauyen Yumin yana yankin Luohu da ke birnin Shenzhen, wanda yake kusa da yankin HongKong. Tun shekaru 30 na karnin da ya gabata, wasu masu kamun kifi daga birnin Dongguan na lardin Guangdong suka yi kaura zuwa bakin kogi da ke birnin Shenzhen domin ciyar da kansu gaba bisa aikin su. Kwale-kwale ba ma kawai kayan aiki ne gare su ba, hatta ma gidajensu ne. Wu Jinqing, wani dan kauyen Yumin mai shekaru 80 da haihuwa ya gaya min cewa,

"A lokacin da, dukkan iyalina muna kwanta cikin wani karamin kwale-kwale ne, wanda fadinsa bai wuce mita daya da wani abu ba, tsawonsa kuwa bai wuce mita biyar kacal ba. Lallai mun sha wahala sosai. Abin da muka fi jin tsoro shi ne mahaukaciyar guguwa, ba yadda za mu yi sai mun ja kwale-kwalenmu kasa daga cikin kogi, aiki ne mai wahala kwarai."

A karshen shekaru 70 na karnin da ya gabata, reshen kwamitin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta kasar Sin a lardin Guangdong ya gabatar da fatansa kan cewa, ya fi kyau a fitar da wasu manufofin musamman bisa yanayin da lardi ke ciki, wajen kafa yankunan sarrafa kaya da kuma fitar da kayan zuwa ketare a biranen Shenzhen da Zhuhai da ma Shantou. Lamarin da ya samu babban goyon baya daga wajen shugaban kasar Sin na wancan lokaci wato Marigayi Deng Xiaoping. A watan Agustan shekarar 1980, zaunannen kwamitin majalisar wakilan jama'ar kasar Sin ya zartas da kudurin kafuwar yankin musamman na tattalin arziki a lardin Guangdong.

Sakamakon alfanun da aka samu daga wajen manufofin bude kofa ga waje da yin kwaskwarima a gida da aka aiwatar a yankin musamman na tattalin arziki na Shenzhen, an kafa kungiyoyin sufurin motoci da jiragen ruwa a kauyen Yumin. Sa'an nan an himmatu wajen raya aikin kiwon dabbobi da sarrafa kaya. Huang Xingyan, mataimakin manajan kamfanin Yufeng na kauyen ya furta cewa,

"Tun bayan aiwatar da manufar bude kofa ga waje da yin kwaskwarima a gida a shekarar 1978, ya zuwa farkon shekarun 80 na karnin da ya gabata, kauyen Yumin ya tattara kudi masu dimbin yawa, har ta kai ko wane gida ya gina sabon dakin kwana. A cikin dukkan kauyukan kasar Sin, kauyen Yumin ya zama kauye na farko da matsakaicin yawan kudi da ko wane gida ya ajiya ya zarce Yuan dubu goma."

A farkon shekarun 90 na karnin da ya gabata, yankin musamman na Shenzhen ya zaga damtse kan aikin gyara yankunan karkara. Kauyen Yumin ya zama daya daga cikin kauyen gwaji. Ta hanyar kafa kamfanin Yufeng, mazauna kauyen sun tattara kudi, har ma sun gina wasu gine-gine masu yawan benaye. Yanzu mazauna kauyen su ne masu hannun jarin kamfanin Yufeng, suna iya samun kudin shiga daga kamfanin a ko wace shekara. Wu Jinqing, mazaunin kauyen ya ce,

"Matsakaicin yawan kudin da kamfanin ya kan ba mu ya kai Yuan dubu 40 a ko wane wata, wato kusan Yuan dubu 500 a ko wace shekara gaba daya. Lallai wannan batu ne da ya wuce zatonmu."

Ci gaban kauyen Yumin wata shaida ce ta bunkasuwar birnin Shenzhen a cikin wadannan shekaru 40 da suka gabata, bayan da aka aiwatar da manufar bude kofa ga waje da yin kwaskwarima a gida. A cikin wadannan shekaru kuma, jerin wasu kamfanoni sun samu habaka a Shenzhen, kamfanin sadarwa na Huawei na daya daga cikinsu. Ban da shi, akwai kamfanin Tencent, wanda yawan kudin da ya samu a bara ya zarce Yuan biliyan 230. Yawan masu amfani da Wechat da ke karkashin kamfanin ya zarce biliyan daya a duk fadin duniya.

A shekarar 2017, jimillar GDP da Shenzhen ya samu ta yi kasa da Beijing da Shanghai, wadda ta yi daidai da ta yankin Hongkong. Daraktan reshen kwamitin JKS da ke Shenzhen Wang Weizhong ya bayyana cewa, birnin na kafa muhallin zuba jari da cinikayya da ke iya hade kasashen duniya, da kara bude kofa da yin kirkire-kirkire a fannin sha'anin kudi, da raya sabon salon cinikayya, a kokarin kafa wani sabon tsarin tattalin arziki mai bude kofa ga waje.(Kande Gao)