170724-An-farfado-da-babban-lambun-shan-iska-na-Akagera-a-Rwanda-Murtala.m4a

An kafa babban lambun shan iska na Akagera a kasar Rwanda a shekara ta 1934, kuma shi ne yankin kiyaye muhallin halittu daya tilo a kasar. Amma saboda wasu dalilai da suka shafi tarihi, an lalata wannan lambun shan iska.

A wannan lambun shan iska mai suna Akagera, akwai tuddai da filayen makiyaya da tafkuna da dama, tare kuma da manyan dabbobi sama da dubu 8 da ire-iren tsuntsaye kimanin dari 5. Haka kuma, a wannan wuri, ana iya samun wasu dabbobin da suke kokarin bacewa daga doron kasa.

Amma a shekarun 1990 na karnin da ya gabata, sakamakon kisan kiyashin da ya faru a Rwanda, yanayin lambun shan iska na Akagera ya tabarbare, har ma wasu gandun daji da 'ya'yan itatuwa dake ciki sun mutu.

A ranar 6 ga watan Afrilun shekarar 1994, aka harbe jirgin saman dake dauke da shugaban Rwanda na wancan lokaci, dan kabilar Hutu, Juvenal Habyarimana, abun da ya zama musabbabin aukuwar kisan kare-dangin da aka yi a kasar. Haka kuma rikicin na tsawon wata uku ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar 'yan kabilar Tutsi gami da wasu 'yan kabilar Hutu masu sassaucin ra'ayi su kimanin miliyan daya.

Bayan da aka kawo karshen kisan kiyashin, wasu 'yan gudun-hijira sun dawo kasar Rwanda inda suka mamaye akasarin yankunan lambun shan iska na Akagera. Wato fadin lambun shan iskan ya ragu ainun, daga murabba'in kilomita 2500 zuwa kimanin 1100. Har wa yau, 'yan gudun-hijiran da suka dawo sun rika farautar zaki domin kiyaye filayen nomansu, abun da ya sa zakunan dake wajen suka bace.

Rahotanni daga kafofin watsa labaran Rwanda suna cewa, a baya adadin yawan zakunan dake kasar Rwanda ya taba kai 230, amma zuwa shekara ta 2000, an kashe zaki na karshe a kasar. Sai dai zuwa shekara ta 2015, an shigo da wasu zakuna daga kasar Afirka ta Kudu.

A shekara ta 1970, akwai bakaken karkanda daga gabashin Afirka sama da 50 a lambun shan iska na Akagera. Amma sakamakon lalacewar muhallin halittu da yadda ake farautar namun daji, adadin bakaken karkandan ya ragu kwarai da gaske. A shekara ta 2007, shi ne karo na karshe da aka ga bakaken karkanda daga gabashin Afirka a kasar ta Rwanda. A watan Mayun bana, gwamnatin Rwanda ta shigo da wasu nau'in bakaken karkanda guda 20 daga kasar Afirka ta Kudu, abun da ya sa aka sake samun bayyanar dabbar karkanda a kasar ta Rwanda.

A nasa bangaren, ministan kula da harkokin kudi da shirye-shiryen tattalin arziki na kasar Rwanda ya bayyana cewa, kisan kiyashin da aka yi a kasar ya yi babbar illa ga zaman rayuwa gami da ababen more rayuwar al'umma, abun da ya sa tattalin arzikin kasar ya gamu da tawaya. Gwamnatin kasar Rwanda tana nuna himma da kwazo wajen farfado da tattalin arzikin kasar, kuma kwalliya ta biya kudin sabulu. Tun daga shekara ta 1995 zuwa yanzu, yawan karuwar tattalin arzikin kasar ya zarce kashi 8 bisa dari a kowace shekara a kasar.

Yayin da ake kokarin sake raya kasar, gwamnatin Rwanda ita ma ta fara wani aiki na farfado da babban lambun shan iska na Akagera, kana, tana daukar matakai daban-daban, ciki har da raya sana'ar yawon shakatawa, da kyautata muhallin halittu na wurin. Tun shekara ta 2010, hukumar raya kasar ta Rwanda gami da sauran wasu kungiyoyi suka fara kula da lambun shan iskar, da kokarin rage masu farautar dabbobi. Bisa alkaluman da hukumar raya kasa na kasar Rwanda ta fitar a shekara ta 2015, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, adadin yawan gandun daji da sauran dabbobi na dada karuwa, kuma mutanen da suka je yawon bude ido a wurin ya karu kwarai da gaske.

A halin yanzu, sakamakon kokarin da gwamnatin Rwanda ta yi, muhallin halittu a lambun shan iska na Akagera na kara samun kyautatuwa, inda tsuntsaye da sauran wasu gandun daji na rayuwa ba tare da matsala ba. Har wa yau kuma, mahukunta a lambun shan iska na Akagera na karfafa jama'a gwiwar, zuwa yawon shakatawa a wurin.(Murtala Zhang)