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Dalilan yawaitar ayyukan ta'addanci a yankin gabashin Afrika
2013-10-30 17:02:31 cri

A farkon wannan wata da muke ciki, rundunar musamman ta kasar Amurka ta kai samame sau biyu a Somaliya da Libya, domin dakile ayyukan ta'addanci a gabashin Afrika. Rundunar sojin ta Amurka dai na daukar irin wadannan matakai ne domin dakile yaduwar ta'addancin a wannan yanki na nahiyar Afirka.

A Somaliya, sojin Amurka sun dora muhimmanci kan dakile ayyukan kungiyar Al Shabaab, wadda a baya bayan nan ake zargi da kai hari wani babban shagon cinikayya dake Kenya. Inda kuma a Libya, sojin Amurka suka tsare wani dan kungiyar Al-Qaeda mai suna Abu Anas Al-Liby, wanda ke da hannu cikin harin da aka kaiwa ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Kenya da Tazaniya cikin shekarar 1998. Wadannan labaru na ci gaba da janyo hankali kasa da kasa, bisa alakarsu da batun tsaro a gabashin Afrika.

Alal hakika kasashen duniya na mai da hankali kan yaduwar hare-haren ta'adda dake auku a gabashin Afrika. Inda bisa kididdiga mutane fiye da 200 suka rasa rayukan su, sakamkon harin da aka kaiwa ofishin jakadancin Amurka dake Kenya da Tazaniya a shekarar 1998. A kuma shekarar 2002, an kai wani harin a Otel din aljana dake Mombasa kusa da gabar teku, har ila yau a 'yan kwanakin da suka gabata, mutane fiye da 200 sun mutu, sakamakon harin da aka kaiwa wani babban shago dake cibiyar kasuwanci ta Westgate a birnin Nairobi.

Dukkan wadannan hare-hare na jawo hankali mutane. Kuma abin tambaya shi ne, ko mene ne dalilin da ya sa ake yawan samu irin wadannan matsaloli a gabashin Afrika? Manazarta sun bayyana ra'ayoyinsu a fannoni hudu.

Na farko, wasu na ganin yawancin wurare da aka fi kai hari na kasashe da suka fi samun bunkasuwa kamar Kenya da sauransu. Kenya ta kasance cibiyar siyasa, tattalin arziki, da ciniki a gabashin Afrika. Hukumomin kasa da kasa da dama, da kuma wasu manyan kamfanonin kasa da kasa sun mai da Nairobi hedkwatarsu a Afrika. Wadannan birane na da mu'amala mai karfi da kasashen yamma, kuma baki da yawa na zirga-zirga a cikin su. Matakin da ya sanya yanayinsu zama mai wuyar sarrafawa, a hannu guda kuma, kaddamar da hari a wadannan wurare, na jawo hankalin kasashen duniya cikin gaggawa.

Na biyu kuma, kungiyar Al-Qaeda na kutsa kai wadannan yankuna, kumaake fuskantar tashe-tashen hankali. Bayan aukuwar harin ranar 11 ga watan satumbar shekarar 2001 a Amurka, kasar Amurka ta tashi tsaye, wajen yaki, da kokarin kawar da ta'addanci, da ma dakile kungiyar Al-Qaeda, matakin da ya sa ta ja da baya daga Afghanistan, da yankunan gabas ta tsakiya, zuwa wurare dake kewayensu. A shekarun baya bayan nan, an rika samun rikice-rikice a yammacin Asiya, da arewacin Afrika, abin da ya sa wasu kasashe dake gabashin Afrika, fuskantar mawuyacin hali a fannin siyasa. Bugu da kari fasa-kwaurin makamai na baiwa kungiyoyi irinsu Al-Qaeda, damar sauyawa rundunarta wurare a saukake, ciki hadda yankunan nahiyar ta Afrika.

Haka nan gabar gabashin Afrika na da al'ummar Musulmai da dama, kuma wurare ne da suke fama da koma bayan tattalin arziki, da matasa marasa aiki yi. Ta yadda Al-Qaeda ke yin amfani da wannan zarafi, wajen zuga wadannan matasa shiga, ko amincewa da tsattsauran ra'ayin Islama.

Dalili na uku shi ne, barkewar yakin basasa a Somaliya, wanda aka shafe shekaru 22 ana aiwatarwa, wannan yaki ya kawo babbar illa ga yanayin zaman rayuwar jama'a. Haka nan wannan lamari ya samarwa 'yan ta'adda damar samun bunkasuwa, tare da baiwa wasu kungiyoyin 'yan ta'adda kamar Al-Shabaab dama mai kyau ta samun bunkasuwa mai dorewa.

A cikin shekara ta 2009, Al-Shabaab ta lashi takobin goyon bayan Al-Qaeda, ba ma kawai a harin da mambobinsu ke kaiwa Somaliya ba, har da hare-haren da suke kaiwa sojin kasar, da rundunar kiyaye zaman lafiya dake kunshe da sojojin kasa da kasa na kungiyar AU.

Dalili na hudu kuwa shi ne, hare-haren da ake kaiwa na bayyana matsalar tsaro, da hukumomin tsaro suke fuskanta a gabashin Afrika. 'Yan ta'adda na iya kai hare-hare a wasu muhimman wurare cikin saukake, abin da ya nuna cewa gwamnatin Kenya, ba ta yi shiri sosai wajen tinkarar 'yan ta'addan ba.

A baya ma wata kafar yada labarai ta kasar ta ba da labarin cewa, hukumar tsaron sirri ta kasar ta taba yin gargadi kan harin da za a kai, kuma ta gabatar da wuri da lokacin da watalika za a yi shi, amma ba a mai da hankali kan wannan rahoto ba. Ban da haka, bayan aukuwar lamarin, 'yan sanda, da sojojin kasar Kenya ba su nuna kwarewa sosai wajen ceton mutane ba, abin da ya bayyana koma baya wajen tinkarar kalubalen ayyukan 'yan ta'adda.

Duk dai da haka halin tsaron da kasar Kenya ke ciki yana da kyau, idan an kwatanta da na sauran kasashen Afrika, irin wannan matsala da aka samu ta isa gargadi, na cewa ya kamata, kasashen gabashin Afirka su kara karfinsu don tinkarar ayyukan ta'addanci tare. (Amina)

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