2020-07-23 15:06:52        cri

Da karfe 1 saura mintuna 19 na tsakar ranar yau Alhamis ne aka cimma nasarar harbar roka samfurin Changzheng-5, dake dauke da na'urar binciken duniyar Mars mai suna Tianwen-1 da kasar Sin ta kera, kuma irin ta ta farko zuwa sararin samaniya, daga filin harbar taurarin dan Adam na Wenchang dake tsibirin Hainan na kasar Sin. Ban da ita, hadaddiyar daular Larabawa da kasar Amurka, su ma suna kan kokarinsu na harba irin na'urorin. Shin me ya sa kasashen duniya ke harba na'urorin binciken duniyar Mars bi da bi?

Da karfe 1 saura mintuna 19 na tsakar ranar yau Alhamis ne aka cimma nasarar harbar roka samfurin Changzheng-5, dake dauke da na'urar binciken duniyar Mars mai suna Tianwen-1 da kasar Sin ta kera, kuma irin ta ta farko zuwa sararin samaniya, daga filin harbar taurarin dan Adam na Wenchang dake tsibirin Hainan na kasar Sin.

Kafin wannan, a ranar 20 ga wata, an harba na'urar binciken duniyar Mars mai suna Hope, wadda hadaddiyar daular Larabawa wato UAE ta kera, daga filin harba taurarin dan Adam na Tanegashima da ke garin Kagoshima dake kasar Japan. Bayan awa daya, an raba rokar HIIA da na'urar bincike duniyar Mars da ta dauka, tare da tura na'urar zuwa hanyar tafiya dake tsakanin duniyarmu da Mars, wadda ta fara tafiyar binciken duniyar Mars ta tsawon shekaru 2 da rabi. Wannan ne karo na farko da aka harba na'urar binciken duniyar Mars kirar dan Adam zuwa duniyar Mars a bana.

A hannu guda kuma, an riga an ajiye na'urar binciken duniyar Mars mai suna Perseverance ta kasar Amurka, a cibiyar binciken sararin samaniya ta Kennedy dake jihar Florida ta kasar Amurka, inda aka tsayar da ranar 30 ga watan nan, don tura ta.

Amma, me ya sa kasashen uku sun tura na'urorin binciken duniyar Mars a wannan lokaci bi da bi. Dalilin da ya sa hakan shi ne, duniyar mu da duniyar Mars, suna kan hanyoyi biyu na tafiyar kewayen duniyar rana, wadanda suke da nisan kilomita miliyan 55 a lokacin da suke fi kusa da juna, a yayin da tazarar ta kai kilomita miliyan 400 a lokacin da suka fi nisa da juna.

Duniyoyin biyu suna yin tafiya mafi kusa da juna a kowadanne watanni 26, lokacin da ya fi dacewa wajen tura na'urar binciken duniyar Mars daga duniyar mu. Kana ana bukatar watanni fiye da shida kafin na'urar ta isa duniyar Mars. Don haka, masanan kasa da kasa sun fi son rike wannan kyakkyawar damar tura na'urar zuwa duniyar Mars.

Idan aka gudanar da dukkan ayyuka yadda ya kamata, na'urorin uku za su kama hanyar zagaya duniyar Mars bi da bi, a tsakiya ko karshen watan Febrairu na shekarar 2021.

Bambancin dake kawai game da binciken duniyar Mars a wannan karo shi ne, na'urar Sin mai suna Tianwen-1, za ta cimma burin yin bincike a kewayen duniyar Mars, da sauka kan duniyar, da kuma yin bincike a yayin tafiya kan duniyar.

Kafin hakan, Amurka, da tsohuwar tarayyar Soviet, da Japan, da hukumar binciken sararin samaniya ta Turai wato ESA, da Indiya, sun cimma nasarar tura na'urorin bincike zuwa hanyoyin tafiyar kewayen duniyar Mars. Amma kasashen biyu ne kadai, wato Amurka da tsohuwar tarayyar Soviet suka cimma nasarar sauka kan duniyar. Ya zuwa yanzu, kasa daya kacal ce wato Amurka, ta cimma nasarar yin bincike a yayin tafiya kan duniyar.

Wadannan na'urorin uku, dukkansu suna daukar na'urori mafi fasahar zamani a duniya, wadanda za a yi amfani da su wajen binciken maganadisu, da iska, da kasa, da ruwa ko kuma rayuwa a kan duniyar. Masana suna son yin bincike kan duniyar Mars, don neman sirrin sararin samaniya da sirrin rayuka.

Ana maida ayyukan binciken sararin samaniya dake kusa da duniyar bil Adama kamar su sadarwa, da taswirar hanya, da hasashen yanayi da sauransu, a matsayin ayyukan neman moriyar tattalin arziki da siyasa. Amma ma'anar aikin binciken sararin samaniya mai nisa kamar binciken duniyar Mars ta wuce hakan. Koda yake kasashe daban daban sun yi binciken duniyar Mars, amma suna da babbar ma'anar kimiyya da fasaha ba tare da bambanci ba.

Duk wata na'urar binciken sararin samaniya da aka harba daga duniyar mu, na wakiltar burin dan Adam na tafiya mai nisa, da kuma hangen nesa. (Zainab)