Daga Lubabatu Lei

 Daga watan Yunin bana, mamakon ruwan da aka sheka ya haifar da ambaliya a kasashen yammacin Afirka da dama. A Nijeriya, bala’in ya shafi jihohi 34 daga cikin gaba dayan 36, wanda ya sababa mutuwar mutane sama da 600, tare da raba wasu miliyan 1.4 da muhallansu da ma lalata gidaje dubu 820 da kuma gonaki da fadinsu ya kai eka dubu 110. A Nijer, ambaliyar ruwa ta halaka mutane 195, baya ga wasu dubu 320 da ta rutsa da su. A yankin kahon Afirka da ke gabashin nahiyar kuma, bala’in fari da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba cikin shekaru 40 da suka wuce, ya tsunduma al’ummar yankin miliyan 47 cikin yunwa. Ba kawai a nahiyar Afirka ba, irin matsanancin yanayi ya yi ta afkawa sauran sassan duniya. A nan kasar Sin, yankunan da kogin Yangtse ya ratsa sun fuskanci mummunan fari da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba. Sai kuma a Pakistan, ambaliyar ruwa mai tsanani ya afkawa kashi 1/3 na yankunan kasar. A Turai kuma, mutane a kalla dubu 15 sun mutu sakamakon tsananin zafi da ba safai a kan samu ba a tarihin yankin.

Lallai dan Adam na dandana kudar sauyin yanayi, lamarin da kuma ya sanya su fahimci wajibcin tinkarar matsalar cikin gaggawa. A cikin irin wannan hali ne, kwanan nan aka kaddamar da taron masu ruwa da tsaki na yarjejeniyar sauyin yanayi ta MDD karo na 27 (COP27) a birnin Sharm el-Sheikh na kasar Masar.

“Ana yawan samun yawaitar ambaliyar ruwa a kasarmu, amma bai kai wanda aka fuskanta a baya-bayan nan ba…ni da da yawa daga cikin takwarorina mun ji takaicin munafunci, da rashin daukar nauyin da kasashen yamma ke yi.” Kwanan nan, jaridar "Washington Post" ta Amurka, ta buga wani sharhi mai taken "Kaucewa magana game da sauyin yanayi da Afirka" , wanda shugaban Najeriya Muhammadu Buhari ya rubuta.

Sharhin ya yi nuni da cewa, “Bunkasuwar kasashen yamma sun haifar da bala’u a nahiyarmu. Ga shi yanzu, manufofinsu na kiyaye muhalli sun kayyade cewa, domin tabbatar da karin moriya, ya kamata mutanen Afirka su ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kangin talauci. Abin da ya fi rashin adalci shi ne, za a haka albarkatun Carbon da muke da su, sai dai ba domin ’yan Afirka ba.”

Daidai kamar yadda mai girma shugaba Buhari ya bayyana, cikin shekaru sama da 200 da suka gabata, kasashe masu arziki a yammacin duniya sun yi kokarin bunkasa masana’antunsu tare da fitar da hayakin Carbon mai yawan gaske, don haka, dole ne su dauki babban nauyi wajen matsalar sauyin yanayin duniya, abin da kuma ya sa ya zama wajibi su samar da kudi da fasahohi na taimakawa kasashe masu tasowa wajen rage fitar da iskar Carbon a yayin da kuma kiyaye bunkasuwarsu. Sai dai abin takaici ne yadda wasu kasashe masu arziki suka karya cika alkawuran da suka dauka, ya sa gamayyar kasa da kasa suka kasa hada kawunansu. Tuni a gun taron sauyin yanayi na MDD da aka gudanar a shekarar 2009, kasashe masu arziki suka yi alkawarin samar wa kasashe masu tasowa dala biliyan 100 a kowace shekara ya zuwa shekarar 2020, alkawarin da har yanzu ba a cika ba.

Ban da wannan, a kan batun sauyin yanayi, nauyin da ke bisa wuyan kasa da kasa ya bambanta sakamakon bambancin tarihinsu wajen fitar da hayakin Carbon da ma matakan ci gabansu, dalili ke nan da galibin kasashen duniya suka amince da ka’idar “nauyi daya amma da bambanci” wajen daukar matakan tinkarar matsalar. Amma a hakika, wasu kasashe masu ci gaba sun yi ta kawar da kawunansu daga ka’idar, har ma suka bukaci kasashe masu tasowa su dauki matakan da ba su dace ba. Amma da suke fuskantar matsalar makamashi a halin yanzu, sai suka farfado da aikin samar da wutar lantarki ta yin amfani da kwal, matakin da ya kasance koma baya a kokarin da ake yi na tinkarar sauyin yanayi.

Kasar Sin a nata bangaren, a matsayinta na kasa mai tasowa mafi girma a duniya, a yayin da take kokarin kiyaye ci gaban tattalin arziki da zaman al’ummar kasar, tana kuma kokarin aiwatar da nauyin da aka dora mata na rage fitar da hayakin Carbon bisa yarjejeniyar Paris. Cikin shekaru 10 da suka wuce, kasar ta kiyaye matsakaicin karuwar tattalin arziki da kashi 6.6%, a yayin da karuwar makamashin da ta yi amfani da su ya kai kashi 3% kawai, sai kuma yawan iskar Carbon da kasar ta fitar da ya ragu da kimanin kashi 34.4% bisa ga ma’aunin GDP.  A sa’i daya kuma, kasar ta yi kokarin rungumar makomar dan Adam ta bai daya, inda ta yi iyakacin kokarinta wajen samar da gudummawarta ga kasashe masu tasowa ta fuskar kiyaye muhalli. Kawo yanzu dai, kasar Sin ta samar da kudi yuan biliyan 1.2 kwatankwacin dala miliyan 165 wajen kara yin hadin gwiwa da kasashe masu tasowa don tinkarar matsalar sauyin yanayi, baya ga kuma daddale yarjejeniyoyin hadin gwiwa 43 tare da kasashe masu tasowa 38, da horar da ma’aikatan kula da sauyin yanayi kimanin 2000 daga kasashe masu tasowa sama da 120.

Dalilin hakan kuma shi ne sabo da kasar ta Sin tana sane da cewa, makomar dan Adam daya ce a gaban kalubalen sauyin yanayi.

Babban magatakardan Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, António Guterres, ya bayyana a yayin bikin kaddamar da taron COP27 cewa, matsalar sauyin yanayi na dab da kara ta’azzara a duniyarmu. Don haka ya zama dole ’yan Adam su zama tsintsiya madaurinki daya, don tinkarar wannan matsalar da ta riga ta barnata tattalin arziki da huldodin kasa da kasa. In ba haka ba, matsalar za ta kawo karshen bil’adama.

A taron na wannan karo, an sanya batun biyan kasashe masu tasowa da kasashe masu rauni hasarorin da suka fuskanta sakamakon sauyin yanayi cikin jerin batutuwan da za a tattauna, wanda babban ci gaba ne a tarihin tarukan sauyin yanayi na MDD. Muna fatan kasashe masu arziki su sauke nauyin da ke bisa wuyansu, su samar da kudi da fasahohi, wajen taimakawa kasashen Afirka da sauran kasashe masu tasowa, don a hada kai wajen saukaka matsalolin sauyin yanayi. (Lubabatu Lei)