Bikin Yuanxiao

Ran 15 ga watan Janairu bias kalandar kasar Sin, yana daya daga cikin bukukuwan gargajiya na kasar Sin wato bikin Yuanxiao wanda kuma ya kawo karshen duk bikin bazara.

Bikin Yuanxiao kuma akan kiran shi bikin Yuanxi, ko bikin Yuanye ko kuma bikin Shangyuan. Ranar bikin Yuanxiao da dare ya zama dare na farfo ke nan da da aka samu wata mai da'ira na sabuwar shekara ta kalandar gargajiya. A wannan rana da dare, jama'ar kasar Sin kullum suna da al'adar rataya fitilu masu launi iri- iri, sabo da haka akan kira bikin Yuanxiao da sunan “bikin nunin fitilu”.

Kallon fitilu da cin wani irin abincin da ake kira Yuanxiao sun zama muhimman abubuwa guda 2 ne da akan yi a gun bikin Yuanxiao. Me ya sa akan rataya fitilu a gun bikin Yuanxiao? An ce, a shekarar 180 ta kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa Alaihisallam, sarkin daular Xihan ta kasar Sin wato sarkin Hanwendi ya hau karagar mulki a ran 15 ga watan Janairu bisa kalandar kasar Sin. Domin murnar wannan al'amari, sarkin ya tsai da kudurin mai da wannan rana da ta zama bikin nunin fitilu. A wannan rana da dare ta kowace shekara, yakan fita daga fadarsa domin yawon shakatawa, yana murna tare da jama'a. A wannan rana kuma, a kowane iyali kuma a tituna manya da kanana akan rataya fitilu masu launi kuma masu ban sha'awa iri daban-daban domin mutane su je su kalla. Zuwa shekarar 104 ta kafin haihuwar Annabi Isa Alaihisallam, an tsai da bikin Yuanxiao da ya zama wani muhimmin bikin kasar Sin a hukunce. Kudurin ya kara habaka sikelin bikin Yuanxiao. Bisa dokokin da aka tsayar an ce, a wuraren jama'a da iyalai daban-daban, ya kamata a rataya fitilu da kyallaye masu launi iri-iri, musamman ma a unguwoyi masu wadata da cibiyoyin al'adu, ya kamata a shiyyya gagaruman bukukuwan nune-nunen fitilu. Mutane maza da mata, tsofaffi da yara suna kallon fitilu, da cinta ka-cici-ka-cici da aka rubuta kan fitilu, da yin wasan kunna fitilun dodo, daga baya kuma ana yin haka a kowace shekara har ya zama wata al'ada wadda aka tafiyar da ita a dauloli daban-daban. Bisa abubuwan da aka rubuta cikin littattafan tarihi an ce, a shekarar 713 na AD, daular Tang ta wancan lokaci ta kafa wani babban “dudun fitilu” wanda tsayinsa ya kai mita 7 wanda kuma aka kafa ire-iren fitilu masu launi fiye da dubu 50.

Fitilu masu launi na bikin Yuanxiao wadanda akan yi su ne da takardu masu launi iri-iri, wandanda kuma siffofinsu daban-daban ne ciki har da tudu da ruwa da gine-gine da mutane da furanni da tsuntsaye da dabbobi, daga cikin su kuma irin fitilar da ake kira fitilar ruwa ya fi gwada sigar musamman ta kasar Sin, fitilar ruwa wani irin fitilun kayan wasa ne, an ce irin wannan fitila tana da tarihi mai tsawon shekaru fiye da 1000. An hauda farfela cikin fitilar, bayan da aka kunna kyandir da ke cikin fitilar, sai tururi ya tashi sama har ya juya farfelar, sabo da haka takardar dokin da aka manna akan farfelar yana gudu da sauri. Inuwar takardar doki ta bayyanu a kan murfin titular, idan an duba daga waje sai a ga kamar ana yin kuwar dawaki ke nan, lalle yana da sha'awa kwarai.

Cin abincin Yuanxiao shi ma wata muhimmiyar al'ada ce da ake yi a gun bikin Yuanxiao. Kila a daular Song wadda aka kafa daga shekarar 960 zuwa ta 1279, lokacin da jama'a suke yin wannan biki, suka fara yin wani irin abinci mai ban mamaki, wato irin abinci kamar cincin da aka yi da garin shinkafa mai yauki, kuma an sa ‘ya'yan itatuwa a ciki, bayan dafuwar sa kuma yana da kamshi da zaki kuma da dadin ci. Daga baya kuma, a yawancin wurare na arewacin kasar Sin akan kiran abincin da sunan “Yuanxiao”, a mma a kudancin kasar kuma akan kiran shi da sunan “Tangyuan” da na “Tangtuan”.

Bisa bunkasuwar da aka samu an ce, zuwa yanzu yawan ire- iren Yuanxiao ya karu har ya kai kusan 30, wato a cikin Yuanxiao akan sa wasu irin ‘ya'yan itatuwa masu kaushin baya, da daddakakkan dabino, da markadadden wake da kwayoyin birana da sauran irin su guda 4, da ridi da kwayoyin koko da aka yi da cuku da kuma cakulan. Irin Yuanxiao da aka yi a wurare daban-daban su ma sun sha bambam, irin Tangyuan da ake yi a lardin Hunan da ke kudancin kasar launinsu fari fat, kuma suna da kamshi da zaki, irin Tangyuan na birnin Ningbo na lardein Zhejiang da ke gabashin kasar kuma ba su da garin shinkafa mai yauki da yawa, kuma an sa markadadden wake da daddakakkan dabono da sauran irin su da yawa a cikin, irin Tangyuan na birnin Shanghai kuma kanana ne, kuma suna da dadin ci, irin Yuanxiao masu zaki da ake yi da wani irin ‘ya'yan itatuwa mai kaushin baya, da ridi da cuku a birnin Beijing su ma suna da halin musamman.

Ban da kallon fitilu da cin abincin Tangyuan a gun bikin Yuanxiao kuma, akan yi wasanni iri-iri, kamar na kwara-kwara ko mai gwangwala da yin raye-raye na gargajiya, da yin rawar zaki. Musamman ma ga rawar zaki wadda akan yi ba ma kawai a kasar Sin ba, har ma a duk wuraren duniya da Sinawa masu yawa ke zaune a lokutan sabuwar shekara da sauran bukukuwa. Kasar Sin tana da rukunoni 2 wajen yin rawar zaki wato “rukunin kudu” da “rukunin arewa”. Rawar zaki da ake yi a kudancin kasar, akan yi ne ta hanyar mai da muhimmanci kan motsawar jiki da fasahar wasan, a galibi dai akan yi wasan ta da mutane 2, a lokacin da suke rawa, sukan yi motsi da yawa. Rawar zaki da ake yi a arewancin kasar Sin kuma, akan mai da muhimmanci kan gaggarumin hali mai kayatarwa, mutane fiye da 10 sukan yi rawar tare. Lokadin da ake yin rawar zaki kuma tare da kidan gargajiya na jama'ar kasar Sin, ko ‘yan wasanni ko mutane masu kallon wasan dukkansu suna nuna himma ga yin wasan don nuna halin annashuwa na bikin Yuanxiao na ran 15 ga watan Janairu bias kalandar kasar Sin.