140918-Za-a-gudanar-da-yarjejeniyar-kungiyar-kwastan-tsakanin-kasashe-mambobin-EAC-Bilkisu.m4a

Tun daga ranar 15 ga watan Satumbar nan ne kasashen Kenya, da Tanzania za su yi gwajin sanya haraji kan shinkafa, da masara, da sukari, da taba, da mai da sauran wasu kayayyaki da ake shigar da su kasar, bisa tsarin yankin biyan haraji rubi daya.

Wannan mataki dai ya shaida cewa, kasar Tanzania ta shiga tsarin yankin biyan haraji rubi daya na kungiyar tarayyar kasashen gabashin Afirka ko EAC a takaice, wanda kasashen Kenya, da Uganda da Ruwanda ke bi. Kasar Brundi wadda mamba ce a kungiyar ta daban take cewa tana shirin shiga wannan tsari cikin wata mai zuwa.

Ana sa ran kuma dai a wannan lokacin za a aiwatar da yarjejeniyar kungiyar kwastan, wadda aka soma gudanarwa a shekaru 9 da suka gabata a dukkan kasashe mambobi biyar na kungiyar ta EAC.

Bisa yarjejeniyar EAC da aka cimma a shekarar 1999, kungiyar za ta kafa kungiyar kwastan, da kasuwar tarraya, da kuma hukumar kudi ta bai daya, da nufin tabbatar da dunkulewar bai daya a fannonin siyasa da tattalin arziki. A watan Janairu na shekarar 2005 ne aka soma aiwatar da yarjejeniyar kungiyar kwastan ta kungiyar EAC, domin soke katangar ciniki tsakanin kasashe mambobin kungiyar, aka kuma kafa yankin biyan haraji rubi daya a wannan yanki na gabashin Afirka.

A cikin shekaru 5 da suka gabata, an soma aiwatar da yarjejeniyar kasuwar tarayya tsakanin kasashe mambobin kungiyar. Daga baya kuma a watan Nuwambar shekarar da ta wuce, shugabannin kasashe mambobin kungiyar ta EAC, sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar hukumar kudi a birnin Kampala na kasar Uganda, inda suka tsaida kudurin cimma burinsu na amfani da kudin bai daya a cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa.

A 'yan shekarun baya bayan nan dai kasashe mambobin kungiyar EAC sun yi kokari kwarai, tare da cimma nasara mai yawa wajen tabbatar da biyan haraji rubi daya, da kafa kasuwar tarayya, da kuma amfani da kudin bai daya.

Mukaddashin shugaban majalisar ministocin kungiyar, kuma mataimakin minista mai kula da hadin kan kasashen dake gabashin Afirka da kasar Tanzania, Abdulla Saadala ya bayyana a 'yan kwanakin baya cewa, sakamakon aiwatar da yarjejeniyar kungiyar kwastan, yawan kudin da aka samu wajen gudanar da cinikayya tsakanin kasashen yankin ya karu, daga dala biliyan 2 a shekarar 2005, zuwa biliyan 5.5 a bara, baya ga kason kudin cinikayya da aka samu tsakanin mambobin kungiyar ta EAC wanda ya karu daga kashi 7.5 cikin dari a shekarar 2005 zuwa kashi 10.5 cikin dari a shekarar bara.

A bana kuwa kungiyar ta kara daukar matakai da dama, ciki har da samar da takardar iznin shiga kasashe don yawon shakatawa ta bai daya, wanda aka soma aiki da ita a farkon shekarar. A daya hannun kuma shirin biyan kudi tsakanin kasa da kasa ya soma aiki a watan Mayu, a yanzu kuma ana kokarin aiwatar da yarjejeniyar kungiyar kwastan a dukkan kasashe mambobin kungiyar daya bayan daya, da dai sauransu.

Ban da wannan kuma, masu tsara manufofi na kasashe mambobin kungiyar ta EAC sun fara nazartar manufofin cinikayya da na kwastan, bisa la'akari da matsayin yankin daga dukkanin sassa. Bisa manyan sassan ne kuma kungiyar ta EAC ke shawartawa tare da kungiyar EU, kan yarjejeniyar dangantakar abokantar ta fannin tattalin arziki, da shawarwari kan yankin cinikayya cikin yanci tsakanin ta da COMESA, da kuma kungiyar SADC, kana wannan kungiya tana gudanar da shawarwari tare da kasar Amurka kan cinikayya da zuba jari.

Manazarta sun nuna cewa, wadannan matakan da kungiyar EAC ta dauka sun nuna cewa, kasashe mambobin wannan kungiya mai girma a yankin gabashin Afirka, sun soma lura da tabbatar da moriyar bai daya ta hanyar hada kai tsakanin kasashen yankin, a maimakon neman bukatun siyasa a daidaikun kasashen nasu.

Amma duk da haka kungiyar suna fuskantar jerin kalubaloli masu tsanani, wajen kafa kasuwar tarayya sakamakon bambancin dake tsakanin su wajen bunkasuwar masana'antu, da tsarin cinikayya da tattalin arziki iri daya, da dai sauransu.

Da farko, a cikin kasashe mambobin kungiyar ta EAC, kasar Kenya ta yi fice kan bunkasuwar masana'antu, hakan ya sa take da kwarewa wajen samar da kayayyakin masana'antu dake iya yaduwa a kasuwar tarayyar, amma sauran kasashe mambobin ba su da karfi. A wannan yanayin da ake ciki, duk da kafa kasuwar tarayya, amma akwai yiwuwar bambanci kwarai wajen samun moriya a tsakanin kasashe mambobin EAC, wannan dai babban cikas ne dake hana cimma burin neman dunkulewar gabashin Afirka bai daya.

Na biyu, sakamakon tsarin cinikayya da tattalin arziki na kusan iri daya a tsakanin kasashe mambobin, ba a samu cinikayya da yawa ba a tsakaninsu.

Na uku, wasu dalilai kamar su katangar kudin da ba na haraji ba, da damuwar da ake nunawa kan raguwar kudin shiga da aka samu kan haraji na shigo da kayayyaki, da kuma bambancin matsayin ba da ilmi a tsakanin kasashe mambobin kungiyar, dukkansu suna kawo cikas ga yunkurin kafa kasuwar tarayya.

Bisa wadannan dalilai ake ganin cewa, kungiyar EAC na bukatar kawar da kalubaloli da dama, wajen daga matsayinta na kungiyar kwastan zuwa kasuwar tarayya, da kuma tabbatar da burinta bisa matakai daban daban.(Bilkisu)